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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.11.2023.tde-10022023-120613
Document
Author
Full name
Marcio Luiz Ribeiro
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 2023
Supervisor
Committee
Hoffmann, Rodolfo (President)
Oliveira, Fabíola Cristina Ribeiro de
Rossetti, Francini Xavier
Title in Portuguese
Sobrepeso e obesidade em homens e mulheres e desigualdades em saúde no Brasil
Keywords in Portuguese
Índice de massa corporal
Obesidade
Renda
Saúde
Abstract in Portuguese
A obesidade é um grave problema de saúde pública. No Brasil, cresceram o consumo de alimentos industrializados e a incidência de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, para as quais a obesidade é importante fator de risco. Este estudo analisa os condicionantes socioeconômicos do excesso de peso corporal sob a ótica da economia da saúde e das desigualdades em saúde, utilizando os dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS) do ano de 2019 e da Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares 2017-2018, ambas do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). A análise de modelos de regressão e de lógite é feita separadamente para homens e mulheres com idade maior ou igual a 20 anos, utilizando medidas aferidas e relatadas de peso e altura, avaliando os efeitos de vários fatores sobre o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) e o escore Z do IMC, e nas probabilidades de sobrepeso e obesidade. Além disso, são analisadas as desigualdades em saúde no país por meio da razão de concentração de doenças, acesso a serviços de saúde e a bens que a promovem. A ingestão de energia e nutrientes e a frequência do consumo de alimentos também é examinada para diferentes categorias e classificações de excesso de peso. Os resultados mostram que a renda e a escolaridade são condicionantes do excesso de peso, mas com efeitos distintos entre homens e mulheres e impactos diferenciados conforme a amostra utilizada. Conviver com cônjuge, ser responsável pelo domicílio e ter crianças são importantes condicionantes da massa corporal e até o momento foram pouco explorados pela literatura. Há evidências de que as doenças são fortemente subestimadas em estratos de menor renda. Ademais, verificou-se que as despesas com planos de saúde estão mais concentrados nos relativamente ricos, o que confirma a relevância da saúde pública. Assim como a maioria das epidemias, se a obesidade continuar a aumentar no longo prazo, ela será um grande gerador de desigualdades em saúde.
Title in English
Overweight and obesity in men and women and health inequalities in Brazil
Keywords in English
Body mass index
Health
Income
Obesity
Abstract in English
Obesity is a serious public health problem. In Brazil, the consumption of processed foods and the incidence of non-communicable chronic diseases grew, for which obesity is an important risk factor. This study analyzes the socioeconomic conditions of excess body weight from the perspective of health economics and health inequalities, using data from the National Health Survey (PNS) for the year 2019 and the 2017-2018 Family Budget Survey, both from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). The analysis of regression and logit models is performed separately for men and women aged 20 years or older, using measured and reported measures of weight and height, evaluating the effects of several factors on the Body Mass Index (BMI) and the BMI Z-score, as well as on the probabilities of overweight and obesity. In addition, inequalities in health in the country are analyzed through the concentration ratio of diseases, health services and goods that promote it. Energy and nutrient intake and frequency of food consumption were also analyzed for different overweight categories and classifications. The results show that income and education are overweight determinants, but with different effects between men and women and different impacts depending on the sample used. Living with a spouse, being responsible for the household and having children are important conditioning factors of body mass and, so far, have been little explored in the literature. There is evidence that diseases are strongly underestimated in lower income groups, in addition, it was found that expenditures with health plans are more concentrated in the relatively wealthy, which confirms the relevance of public health. As with most epidemics, if obesity continues to rise over the long run, it will be a major driver of health inequalities
 
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Publishing Date
2023-02-13
 
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