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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.106.2022.tde-20122022-094314
Document
Author
Full name
Rosa Maria de Oliveira Machado Mancini
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2022
Supervisor
Committee
Jacobi, Pedro Roberto (President)
Carvalho, Jussara de Lima
Ferreira, José Gomes
Ribeiro, Wagner Costa
Schult, Sandra Irene Momm
Semião Neto, Maria Susana
Title in Portuguese
Conselhos nacionais da água de Portugal e do Brasil: história, procedimentos democráticos, inércias e dinâmicas
Keywords in Portuguese
Agua
Conselhos
Democracia
Estado
Governança
Sociedade
Abstract in Portuguese
A presente tese tem como tema central a análise das políticas públicas de gestão das águas de Portugal e do Brasil no que diz respeito ao diálogo Estado-sociedade, utilizando como espaço para consulta os respectivos Conselhos Nacionais de Água (CNA) e de Recursos Hídricos (CNRH). O objetivo geral da tese é avaliar os mecanismos internos aos Conselhos que permitem a ampliação do processo democrático representativo, uma vez que a formação desses conselhos foi inspirada nos pressupostos da democracia participativa e deliberativa, associado a uma mobilização pelas causas ambientais. Portugal e Brasil têm um histórico autoritário que foi superado nas décadas de 1970 e 1980 respectivamente, sendo que vários aspectos os aproximam e os distanciam. Um dos aspectos que os distancia é Portugal ter superado o paradigma hidráulico da gestão das águas, motivado pela transposição da Diretiva Quadro da Água, que apresenta forte componente ambiental, para a sua legislação interna, e o Brasil ainda manter uma política com pouca transversalidade em relação ao ambiente e saneamento. Foi adotada a metodologia qualitativa para o estudo dos casos, que se baseou nas atas dos vinte primeiros anos dos Conselhos Nacionais e entrevistas abertas com os conselheiros de ambos os países. A estrutura da tese compreende inicialmente a linha do tempo legal e institucional e o contexto das políticas nos dois países. Em seguida são apresentados os paradigmas de gestão das águas e a fundamentação teórica adotada, no que diz respeito aos modelos democráticos participativo e deliberativo. A seguir se analisa a dinâmica dos Conselhos tendo como referência a história dos conselhos; representação; perfil decisório; instrumentos de gestão; pautas e agendas; aplicação dos princípios de articulação e integração; percepção dos procedimentos democráticos e grau de relevância do Conselho para a política nacional hídrica. Conclui-se que, quanto aos procedimentos democráticos, ambos os Conselhos foram avaliados de forma bastante crítica, com a apresentação de ressalvas e apontada como necessária a adoção de medidas que levem à revitalização como espaço democrático de debate e de relevância para o aperfeiçoamento da política.
Title in English
National Water Councils in Portugal and Brazil: history, democratic procedures, inertia and dynamics
Keywords in English
Councils
Democracy
Governance
Society.
State
Water
Abstract in English
This thesis central theme is the analysis of the public management policies of water in Portugal and Brazil with regard to State-Society dialogue, having both the Conselho Nacional de Água (CNA) and the Conselho Nacional de Recursos Hídricos (CNRH) as main sources of assessment. The general objective of this thesis is to evaluate the internal mechanisms of the Councils that allow the expansion of the representative democratic process since the formation of these Councils was inspired by the presuppositions of the participatory and deliberative democracy associated with mobilization for environmental causes. Both Portugal and Brazil have an authoritarian history that was overcome in the 1970s and 1980s respectively. Moreover, both countries present themselves with several similarities and differences. Portugal has managed to overcome the hydraulic paradigm of management of water, motivated by the transposition of the Water Framework Directive, which presents a strong environmental component for its internal legislation. In contrast, Brazil still maintains a policy with little transversality in relation to the environment and sanitation. The qualitative methodology was adopted for the study of the cases, which was based on the minutes of the first twenty years of the National Councils as well as open interviews with the councilors of both countries. This thesis structure initially comprises both countries' legal and institutional timelines and policy contexts. Next, the water management paradigms and the theoretical foundation adopted, with regard to participatory and deliberative democratic models are presented. Afterward, this thesis presents the dynamics of the Councils with reference to the history of the councils; representation; profile decision making; management instruments; agendas; application of the principles of articulation and integration; perception of democratic procedures, and degree of relevance of the Council to national water policy. It is concluded that, with regard to democratic procedures, both Councils have been critically evaluated and some suggestions for improvement have been proposed. The adoption of measures that lead to revitalization as a democratic space for debate and relevance for policy improvement were pointed out as necessary.
 
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Publishing Date
2023-01-26
 
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