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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.101.2022.tde-29082022-164518
Document
Author
Full name
José Antonio Geraldes Graziani Vieira Lima
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2022
Supervisor
Committee
Dallari, Pedro Bohomoletz de Abreu (President)
Akkoyunlu, Feyzi Karabekir
Clemesha, Arlene Elizabeth
Ricupero, Rubens
Title in Portuguese
Arábia Saudita, Irã e as transformações do Complexo Regional de Segurança do Oriente Médio (2003-2020)
Keywords in Portuguese
Arábia Saudita
Complexo Regional de Segurança do Oriente Médio
Irã
Oriente Médio
Segurança
Abstract in Portuguese
As duas primeiras décadas do século XXI foram marcadas por inúmeros eventos extremos na geopolítica do Oriente Médio. Os impactos do 11 de Setembro, a invasão do Iraque pelos Estados Unidos, a continuidade do conflito entre Israel e os palestinos, a Primavera Árabe e seus desdobramentos e a emergência do autoproclamado Estado Islâmico colocaram a região em um estado de permanente tensão. Em todos esses cenários, os regimes da Arábia Saudita e do Irã estiveram presentes. Esta pesquisa visa discutir a relação entre esses dois atores a partir de três perguntas. Por que o regime iraniano decidiu expandir sua influência regional a partir de 2003? Por que, no mesmo período, o regime saudita desenvolveu uma política externa mais assertiva e, cada vez mais, centrada no Irã? E, por fim: Qual foi o impacto do antagonismo Arábia Saudita-Irã para a dinâmica securitária do Oriente Médio no período 2003-2020? Para responder a essas questões, esta tese desenvolve um marco teórico que busca contribuir com os estudos das Relações Internacionais do Oriente Médio. Partindo da perspectiva do ecletismo analítico, busca-se subverter a dicotomia agência versus estrutura e promover uma conciliação entre essas duas perspectivas. Para este fim, utilizamos o conceito de segurança do regime (regime security), a Análise de Política Externa, mais especificamente a análise do processo decisório, e a Teoria dos Complexos Regionais de Segurança. Por meio de métodos qualitativos, a pesquisa traz conclusões que podem ser úteis tanto para discutir este passado recente quanto para produzir análises com um grau de previsibilidade mais acurado a respeito do futuro próximo.
Title in English
Saudi Arabia, Iran and changes in the Middle East Regional Security Complex (2003-2020)
Keywords in English
Iran
Middle East
Middle East Regional Security Complex
Saudi Arabia
Security
Abstract in English
The first two decades of the 21st century were marked by numerous extreme events in Middle East geopolitics. The impacts of 9/11, the US invasion of Iraq, the continuation of the conflict between Israel and the Palestinians, the Arab Spring and its aftermath, and the emergence of the self-proclaimed Islamic State have placed the region in a permanent state of tension. In all these scenarios, the regimes of Saudi Arabia and Iran were present. This research will discuss the relationship between these two actors based on three questions. Why did the Iranian regime decide to expand its regional influence from 2003 onwards? Why, in the same period, did the Saudi regime pursue a more assertive and increasingly Iran-centered foreign policy? And finally: What was the impact of the Saudi Arabia-Iran antagonism on the security dynamics of the Middle East in the period 2003-2020? To answer these questions, this thesis establishes a theoretical framework that seeks to contribute to the studies of the International Relations of the Middle East. From the perspective of analytical eclecticism, the aim is to subvert the agency versus structure dichotomy and promote a reconciliation between these two perspectives. For this purpose, we use the concept of regime security, Foreign Policy Analysis, more specifically an analysis of the decision-making process, and the Regional Security Complex Theory. Through qualitative methods, the research brings conclusions that can be useful both to discuss this recent past and to produce analyzes with a more accurate degree of predictability regarding the near future.
 
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Publishing Date
2022-09-19
 
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