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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.101.2022.tde-26012023-184622
Document
Author
Full name
Gabriella Vieira Oliveira Gonçalves
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2022
Supervisor
Committee
Villa, Rafael Antonio Duarte (President)
Martinez, Margarita Maria Bautista
Martuscelli, Patrícia Nabuco
Title in Portuguese
Entre o fechamento e a abertura: política migratória de admissão para nacionais venezuelanos na América do Sul
Keywords in Portuguese
Migração venezuelana
Paradoxo reverso
Política migratória
Política migratória de admissão
Visto
Abstract in Portuguese
A migração venezuelana é fenômeno migratório inédito na América Latina e, atualmente, o segundo maior do mundo depois da Síria. A princípio, os países receptores da região não exigiam visto para a entrada de nacionais venezuelanos, o que levou essa recepção ser considerada positiva quando comparada a respostas oferecidas a crises migratórias em outros lugares do mundo. No entanto, com o passar do tempo, as reações se diversificaram e oscilaram entre fechamento e abertura, por meio da imposição de visto. Visando a contribuir para o entendimento dessa mudança, a presente dissertação realiza um estudo, em perspectiva comparada, sobre as políticas migratórias de admissão a nacionais venezuelanos nos países latino-americanos que mais receberam esses imigrantes. Três desses países Peru, Equador e Chile mudaram ao longo dos anos as regras de entrada ao impor visto a esses imigrantes, enquanto outros Colômbia, Brasil e Argentina não o fizeram. A pesquisa se propõe a identificar fatores que possam ter influenciado a decisão sobre a política de admissão aos venezuelanos. Como resultado, argumenta-se que a quantidade de imigrantes e o compartilhamento de fronteiras foram cruciais para a decisão sobre impor ou não visto a nacionais venezuelanos, embora outros fatores também estivessem presentes, como posicionamento de política externa, crises políticas internas, percepção sobre migração, perfil dos imigrantes, experiência prévia como país de destino, medidas migratórias anteriores e história migratória comum. Ademais, os achados da pesquisa desafiam o conceito do paradoxo reverso, marco conceitual que contribuiu, nos últimos anos, para a compreensão da política migratória na América Latina.
Title in English
Between open and closed borders: admission migation policy for Venezuelans in South America
Keywords in English
Admission migration policy
Migration policy
Reverse paradox
Venezuelan migration
Visa
Abstract in English
The Venezuelan migration crisis is an unprecedented migratory phenomenon in Latin America and currently is the second largest migration movement in the world after Syria. When widescale Venezuelan migration began, the receiving countries in the region did not require visas from Venezuelans; the regional reception was thus considered to be positive compared to responses to migratory crises in other parts of the world. Over time, however, countries have diversified their responses, with some keeping low entry requirements while others impose entry restrictions, like visa requirements, on Venezuelans. To better understand this change, this thesis investigates, from a comparative perspective, admission migration policies towards Venezuelans implemented by the Latin American countries that have received the most of these immigrants. Three countries Peru, Ecuador, and Chile have changed entry rules by imposing visa requirements on these immigrants, while others Colombia, Brazil and Argentina have not. This research aims to identify factors that may have influenced decisions regarding the admission of Venezuelans. The main argument is that the number of immigrants and shared borders were the crucial determinants in a countrys decision on whether to impose a visa requirement on Venezuelans, although other factors were also present, such as foreign policy interests, internal political crises, perception of migration, immigrants' profiles, previous experience as a destination country, previous migration policies and common migratory history. Furthermore, the findings of this research challenge the "reverse paradox", a conceptual framework that has contributed in recent years to the understanding of migration policy in Latin America.
 
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Publishing Date
2023-02-03
 
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