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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.101.2022.tde-26012023-180514
Document
Author
Full name
Diogo Xavier Schelp
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2022
Supervisor
Committee
Ribeiro, Pedro Feliú (President)
Rodrigues, Pietro Carlos de Souza
Spektor, Matias
Title in Portuguese
Lobby em duas frentes na política externa: a influência de interesses privados no engajamento Brasil-Venezuela (1998-2018)
Keywords in Portuguese
Grupos de interesse
Lobby
Odebrecht
Política externa
Venezuela
Abstract in Portuguese
A pesquisa tem por objetivo explicar o engajamento bilateral do Brasil com a Venezuela entre 1998 e 2018 à luz da influência do lobby empresarial na formulação e execução da Política Externa Brasileira (PEB). O que explica a ascensão e queda da Venezuela nas parcerias estratégicas do Brasil? A presente pesquisa argumenta que o lobby empresarial com interesses na Venezuela é um fator relevante para o engajamento bilateral entre os dois países no período. Para identificar essa relação causal, estudamos a atuação da construtora Odebrecht na promoção de seus interesses privados na Venezuela, tendo como abordagem central o estudo de caso do segundo mandato de Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1999-2002), com base principalmente na triangulação das informações contidas em correspondências diplomáticas, em delações premiadas no âmbito da Operação Lava Jato e nos "Diários da Presidência" de Cardoso. As evidências colhidas foram analisadas por meio do método 'process-tracing', com vistas a descrever o mecanismo causal da influência do lobby na PEB. O estudo de caso é seguido por uma sessão dedicada a descrever a relação entre o lobby empresarial e a PEB para a Venezuela no período subsequente, entre 2003 e 2018. O argumento central deste trabalho é o de que a Venezuela foi foco de significativa atenção e de interesse de certos grupos empresariais brasileiros em seu processo de internacionalização, em especial do setor de construção civil, e que, diante de uma situação que proporcionava benefícios concentrados e custos difusos, essas empresas tinham grandes incentivos para exercer influência no engajamento bilateral do Brasil com a Venezuela, como de fato exerceram.
Title in English
Lobby in two fronts in foreign policy: the influence of private interests on Brazil-Venezuela engagement (1998-2018)
Keywords in English
Foreign policy
Interest groups
Lobby
Odebrecht
Venezuela
Abstract in English
The research aims to explain Brazil's bilateral engagement with Venezuela between 1998 and 2018 in light of the business lobby influence on the formulation and execution of the Brazilian foreign policy. What explains Venezuela's rise and fall in Brazil's strategic partnerships? The present research argues that the business lobby with interests in Venezuela was a relevant factor for the bilateral engagement between the two countries. In order to identify this causal relationship, we have studied the performance of the construction company Odebrecht in promoting its private interests in Venezuela, having as a central approach the case study of the second term of Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1999-2002). We have focused our analysis mainly on the evidence contained in diplomatic cables, on plea bargains within the scope of Operation Car Wash as well as on the "Diários da Presidência" (Cardoso's diaries). The evidence collected was analysed by using the process-tracing method, in order to describe the causal mechanism of the influence of lobbying on Brazilian foreign policy. The case study is followed by a session dedicated to describing the relationship between business lobby and foreign policy for Venezuela in the subsequent period, from 2003 to 2018. The central argument of this work is that Venezuela was the focus of significant attention and interest for certain Brazilian business groups, especially from the civil construction sector, in their internationalization process, and that, in a situation of concentrated benefits and diffuse costs, these companies had great incentives to exert influence on Brazil's bilateral engagement with Venezuela, as they actually did.
 
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Publishing Date
2023-02-06
 
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