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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.101.2020.tde-23072020-081804
Document
Author
Full name
Luciano Aparecido dos Santos Pimentel
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2020
Supervisor
Committee
Carneiro, Cristiane de Andrade Lucena (President)
Carvalho, Vinicius Mariano de
Oliveira, Amâncio Jorge Silva Nunes de
Viola, Eduardo Jose
Title in Portuguese
A influência das mudanças climáticas nas migrações forçadas: gatilhos, vulnerabilidade, arranjos normativos e institucionais
Keywords in Portuguese
Migração forçada
Modelo gravitacional
Mudanças climáticas
Refugiados ambientais
Vulnerabilidade
Abstract in Portuguese
A migração ganhou crescente relevância política nas últimas décadas, principalmente em decorrência de conflitos e desastres naturais que têm gerado refugiados e deslocados internos ao redor do mundo. Através de modelos teóricos e econométricos, vários estudos buscam compreender os fatores que motivam cada um dos movimentos, considerando fatores de atração e repulsão. Ainda que os conflitos sejam importantes drivers para os deslocamentos, os desastres naturais têm sido reconhecidos como as principais causas de novos deslocamentos no mundo. Os deslocamentos são frequentemente relacionados a eventos que expõem a vulnerabilidade das pessoas e ameaçam sua sobrevivência. As mudanças climáticas podem ameaçar os meios de subsistência e alterar a exposição das pessoas aos riscos naturais, forçando ou reprimindo a migração. Para melhor compreender esta questão foi realizado um estudo com dados em painel em 185 países, entre 2011 e 2018, utilizando o modelo gravitacional. Além das variáveis frequentemente utilizadas na literatura sobre fluxos migratórios, este estudo faz uso de indicadores de vulnerabilidade. Os resultados sugerem que as mudanças climáticas afetam os refugiados e deslocados internos de maneira distinta, principalmente em função da renda, liberdades civis e direitos políticos, exposição à violência, vulnerabilidade e interação com outros drivers de migração.
Title in English
The influence of climate change on forced migration: drivers, vulnerability, normative and institutional arrangements
Keywords in English
Climate change
Environmental refugees
Forced migration
Gravity model
Vulnerability
Abstract in English
Migration has reached increasing political relevance in the last decades, mainly due to conflicts and natural hazards that have generated refugees and internally displaced people around the world. Through theoretical and econometric models, several studies seek to understand the factors that motivate each of the movements, considering factors of attraction and repulsion (push and pull models). Although conflicts are important drivers for displacement, natural hazards have been recognized as the main causes of new displacements in the world. The displacements are often related to events that expose the vulnerability of people and threaten their survival. Climate changes can threaten livelihoods and change people's exposure to natural hazards, forcing or suppressing the migration. To better understand this issue, a panel data study was carried out in 185 countries between 2011 and 2018, using the gravitational model. In addition to the variables frequently used in the literature on migratory flows, this study makes use of vulnerability indicators. The results suggest that climate changes affect refugees and internally displaced persons differently, mainly due to income, civil liberties, and political rights, exposure to violence, vulnerability, and interaction with other migration drivers.
 
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Publishing Date
2020-09-04
 
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