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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.101.2020.tde-21042021-154732
Document
Author
Full name
Margarita Maria Bautista Martinez
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2020
Supervisor
Committee
Villa, Rafael Antonio Duarte (President)
Onuki, Janina
Tansey, Oisín
Tickner, Arlene Beth
Title in English
The role of political decision-making processes and international cooperation in promoting peace and resolving armed conflict in Colombia
Keywords in English
Colombian armed conflict
International cooperation
Negotiations
Peace process
Political decision-making processes
Abstract in English
This thesis analyses the Colombian government's decision-making process that involved international actors during the Havana peace process (2012-2016). The research highlights the influence of international actors in the government's decisions that worked to end the armed conflict between the government and the FARC-EP in Colombia. In particular, this study raises the following research question: How, and in what way, was the Colombian government's decision-making process influenced by international actors, especially the presence and actions of the UN, during the Havana peace process? The hypothesis of this research expects that the decision-making of the Colombian government during the Havana peace process had a key political condition of clearly defined involvement from international actors. It focuses on the Colombian Executive branch as the main actor and its relations with other national and international actors. To do so, the research references the theories of Foreign Policy Analysis, including the Governmental Politics Model and the Two-Level Game Model. This thesis provides an in-depth analysis of the Colombian government's decision-making process that involved UN cooperation by applying an interpretative case study. The research methodology is built on data collection gathered by interviewing a number of high-profile individuals involved in the Havana peace process including members of the Colombian government, members of the former guerrilla FARC-EP, United Nations Officials, and national and international academics and advisors who were involved in the decision-making during the negotiations. The conclusion goes on to argue that the Colombian decision-making process implemented during the negotiations was designed precisely to effectively define the role of international support, which improved the likelihood of success of the final peace agreement. The cooperation of international actors, especially from the UN, built trust between the negotiating parties regarding the sustainability of the negotiations. In addition, the international cooperation promoted institutional and political conditions that were necessary to achieve the final peace agreement.
Title in Portuguese
O papel dos processos políticos-decisórios e a cooperação internacional para promoção da paz e a resolução do conflito armado na Colômbia
Keywords in Portuguese
Conflito armado colombiano
Cooperação internacional
Negociações
Processo de paz
Processos políticos de tomada de decisão
Abstract in Portuguese
Esta tese analisa o processo de tomada de decisão do governo colombiano que envolveu atores internacionais durante o processo de paz de Havana (2012-2016). A pesquisa destaca a influência de atores internacionais nas decisões governamentais que funcionaram para concluir o conflito armado entre o governo e as FARC-EP na Colômbia. Em particular, este estudo levanta a seguinte pergunta de pesquisa: Como, e de qual forma, o processo de tomada de decisão do governo colombiano foi influenciado pelos atores internacionais, especialmente a presença e ação da ONU, no processo de paz de Havana? A hipótese desta pesquisa argumenta que o processo de tomada de decisão do governo colombiano durante o processo de paz de Havana requereu uma condição política de ter claramente definidos os limites do envolvimento de atores internacionais. A pesquisa se concentra no poder Executivo colombiano como ator principal e em suas relações com outros atores nacionais e internacionais. Para isso, a pesquisa se baseia em teorias de Análise de Política Externa, incluindo o Modelo da Política Governamental e o Modelo de Jogo de Dois Níveis. Esta tese proporciona uma profunda análise do processo de tomada de decisão do governo colombiano que envolveu cooperação da ONU, aplicando um estudo de caso interpretativo. A metodologia de pesquisa se fundamenta na coleta de dados, entrevistando vários indivíduos de alto nível envolvidos no processo de paz na Colômbia, incluindo membros do Governo colombiano, membros da ex-guerrilha das FARC-EP, funcionários das Nações Unidas, acadêmicos e assessores nacionais e internacionais envolvidos no processo de tomada de decisão durante as negociações. A conclusão da pesquisa argumenta então que o processo de tomada de decisão colombiano implementado durante as negociações foi designado precisamente para definir efetivamente o papel do apoio internacional, que melhoraria a probabilidade de sucesso do acordo final de paz. A cooperação de atores internacionais, especialmente da ONU, criou confiança entre as partes negociadoras sobre a sustentabilidade das negociações. Adicionalmente, a cooperação internacional promoveu condições institucionais e políticas que foram necessárias para alcançar o acordo final de paz.
 
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Publishing Date
2021-06-14
 
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