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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.101.2022.tde-17012023-172703
Document
Author
Full name
José Bruno Fenerick Júnior
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2022
Supervisor
Committee
Ribeiro, Pedro Feliú (President)
Bressan, Regiane Nitsch
Burian, Camilo Martín López
Title in English
The polarization of the south american integration: the Unasur case
Keywords in English
Foreign policy
Ideology
Regional integration
South America
Unasur
Abstract in English
This research seeks to answer the question: Why Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay left the Unasur, while Bolivia, Guyana, Surinam and Venezuela remained on the bloc? The hypothesis of this research is that ideology of domestic players, marked here by right-wing and left-wing spectrums, and its influence in the foreign policy decision-making explains the dismantlement of the Unasur. In order to answer the question presented, the research aims to map three domestic players involved in the foreign policy decision-making: the Executive, the Legislative and the Public Opinion (2008-2021). The methodology employed in this paper is based on specific literature about foreign policy decision-making and data collection of documents, diplomatic cables, legislative votes and surveys of public opinion available in the "Las Americas y el Mundo". Through Stata and R program, statistics models are also employed in order to identify the relation between ideology and the behavior of legislators and the public opinion towards Unasur. As results, it is possible to visualize an ideological polarization over the bloc in the Executive, the Legislative, and the Public Opinion, which gives empirical strength to corroborate to the idea that shifts in the ideology of the players in the domestic level were relevant to the dismantlement of the Unasur.
Title in Portuguese
A polarização da integração sul-americana: o caso da Unasul
Keywords in Portuguese
América do Sul
Ideologia
Integração regional
Política externa
União de Nações Sul-Americanas (Unasul)
Abstract in Portuguese
Essa pesquisa busca responder à pergunta: por que Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colômbia, Equador, Paraguai e Uruguai saíram da Unasul, enquanto Bolívia, Guiana, Suriname e Venezuela permaneceram? A hipótese do trabalho é que a ideologia dos atores internos, marcados por direita e esquerda, e sua influência no processo decisório de política externa explicam o desmantelamento da Unasul. A fim de responder à pergunta apresentada a pesquisa teve como objetivo principal mapear três importantes atores internos envolvidos no processo decisório de política externa: o Executivo, o Legislativo e a Opinião Pública (2008-2021). A metodologia empregada parte da revisão de literatura sobre o processo decisório de política externa e se concretiza na coleta de dados, realizada por meio de documentos, telegramas diplomáticos, votos do Legislativo e surveys de opinião pública disponível no "Las Américas y el Mundo". Através dos programas R e Stata, modelos estatísticos foram aplicados para identificar a relação entre a ideologia e o comportamento dos legisladores, assim como entre a ideologia e a opinião pública. Como resultados, é possível constatar uma tendência de polarização ideológica sobre o bloco, tanto no Executivo e no Legislativo quanto na Opinião Pública, o que dá força empírica e corrobora com a ideia de que mudanças na ideologia de atores no nível doméstico foram determinantes para o desmantelamento da Unasul.
 
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Publishing Date
2023-01-19
 
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