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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.101.2023.tde-10112023-164227
Document
Author
Full name
Flavia Loss de Araujo
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2023
Supervisor
Committee
Onuki, Janina (President)
Bressan, Regiane Nitsch
Oliveira, Amâncio Jorge Silva Nunes de
Rodrigues, Pietro Carlos de Souza
Title in Portuguese
A conclusão das negociações do acordo Mercosul-União Europeia: as perspectivas do empresariado brasileiro
Keywords in Portuguese
Acordos comerciais
Mercosul
Política externa
Realismo neoclássico (RNC)
União Europeia
Abstract in Portuguese
O objetivo desta tese é analisar as conjunturas que permitiram a conclusão das negociações do acordo em princípio entre o Mercosul e a União Europeia em 2019. Discute-se por que o Brasil mudou da posição protecionista que sustentava desde a década de 1990 para uma postura aberturista e pró-acordo, a despeito dos grupos empresariais mais resistentes. Além das pesquisas documentais e bibliográficas, foram realizadas 30 entrevistas com representantes de grupos empresariais brasileiros, servidores públicos do nível federal e acadêmicos. Utilizando o enquadramento teórico do Realismo Neoclássico (RNC), parte-se do pressuposto que o nível sistêmico ofereceu as oportunidades para que os atores do nível doméstico brasileiro favoráveis ao acordo articulassem o aceleramento das negociações. Os fatores sistêmicos analisados foram a guerra comercial entre os Estados Unidos e a China, a reação da União Europeia a esse cenário e o alinhamento político-ideológico dos presidentes do Mercosul. A partir desse pano de fundo, foram selecionadas variáveis intervenientes que alteraram o posicionamento brasileiro a respeito do tema: as ideologias que permearam os governos de Michel Temer e Jair Bolsonaro, notadamente pró-livre comércio com os países desenvolvidos; a alterações da política comercial dentro da burocracia estatal durante esses dois governos e a mudança de mentalidade dos setores empresariais mais resistentes ao acordo, ou seja, os representantes da indústria brasileira que atuaram por mais de uma década como veto players. Conclui-se que a partir da movimentação do nível sistêmico, os entraves domésticos foram gradativamente desfeitos pelos dois governos analisados e foi possível a conclusão das negociações a partir de um acordo em princípio.
Title in English
The conclusion of the Mercosur-European Union agreement negotiations: the perspectives of the Brazilian business community
Keywords in English
European Union
Foreign policy
Mercosur
Neoclassical realism
Trade agreements
Abstract in English
The objective of this thesis is to analyze the conjunctures that allowed the conclusion of the negotiations of the agreement in principle between Mercosur and the European Union in 2019 despite the most resistant business groups. In addition to documentary and bibliographical research, 30 interviews were conducted with representatives of Brazilian business groups, public servants at the federal level and academics. Using the theoretical framework of Neoclassical Realism (NCR) it is assumed that the systemic level offered opportunities for actors at the domestic level in Brazil who were favorable to the agreement to articulate the acceleration of negotiations. The systemic factors analyzed were the trade war between the United States and China, the reaction of the European Union to this scenario and the political-ideological alignment of the Mercosur presidents. From this background, intervening variables were selected that changed the Brazilian position on the subject: the ideologies that permeated the governments of Michel Temer and Jair Bolsonaro, notably pro-free trade with developed countries; changes in trade policy within the state bureaucracy during these two governments and the change in mindset of the business sectors most resistant to the agreement, that is, the representatives of Brazilian industry who acted as veto players for more than a decade. It is concluded that from the systemic level movement, the domestic obstacles were gradually undone by the two analyzed governments and it was possible to conclude the negotiations from an agreement in principle.
 
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Publishing Date
2023-11-16
 
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