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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.10.2020.tde-04062020-091318
Document
Author
Full name
Daniela Irlanda Castro Tardón
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2020
Supervisor
Committee
Gomes, Viviani (President)
Almeida, Rodrigo de
Hoffmann, Christian
Title in English
Integration between healthy and microbiome in holstein cows immediately after calving
Keywords in English
Colostrum
Metabolic profile
Microbiota
Peripartum
Abstract in English
Integration between healthy and microbiome in holstein cows immediately after calving The transition period includes physiological events such as parturitium, colostrogenesis and lactogenesis, which requires the activation of homeorrectic mechanisms to meet the energy demands imposed at this stage of the production cycle. The inadequate adaptation of the cow in the period can evolve to negative energetic balance, metabolic diseases, immunosuppression and high risk for infectious diseases. In this scenario, it is feasible to believe that the cow's microbiota undergoes important changes in different colonization sites, and as a cause or effect it interferes with the health of the host. The general objective of this research was to evaluate the correlations between metabolic parameters and the health status of the mammary gland with the microbiota of dairy cows immediately after calving. Blood samples were obtained from 20 multiparous Holstein cows for the determination of metabolic biomarkers, in addition to colostrum, feces and vaginal swabs to perform the metagenome. Archaea kingdom were only found in fecal and vaginal samples. Fecal samples showed a greater abundance of Firmicutes, followed by Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria. Vaginal samples showed dominance of Firmicutes followed by Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria. The colostrum microbiota, on the other hand, showed a predominance of Proteobacteria, followed by Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. At the family taxonomic level, Ruminococcaceae was detected as the most abundant, followed by Bacteroidaceae, Lachnospiraceae and Clostridiceae in fecal and vaginal samples. On the other hand, the predominant families detected in the colostrum samples were Pseudomonadaceae, Staphylococcaceae and, to a lesser extent, Enterobacteriaceae. A positive Spearman correlation was observed between BHB and NEFA with Oscillospira, Treponema, Bacteroides and Methanocorpusculum (Archaea) bacteria. On the contrary, the genus Lactobacillus and Lachnospiraceae showed a negative association with the score of body condition, BHB and NEFA. In colostrum samples, the bacterium of the genus L7A-E11 showed a positive Spearman correlation with somatic cell count (SCC) and a negative correlation with biomarkers of energy metabolism. The Coprococcus and Treponema showed negative correlations with albumin, total protein, triglycerides and cholesterol. Finally, the Clostridiaceae had a positive correlation with the milk production of the cows. The analysis of vaginal samples showed that Methanocorpusculum had a positive correlation with biomarkers of energy metabolism, while Prevotella and L7A.E11 were negatively associated with these markers. The analysis of the entire ecosystem showed that the parameters associated with metabolism, mainly NEFA and BHB, are associated with some bacterial genera, mainly in fecal and vaginal samples from Holstein cows immediately after calving.
Title in Portuguese
Integração entre saúde e microbioma em vacas Holandesas imediatamente após do parto
Keywords in Portuguese
Colostro
Microbiota
Perfil metabólico
Periparto
Abstract in Portuguese
O período de transição inclui eventos fisiológicos como o parto, colostrogênese e lactogênese, o que demanda o acionamento de mecanismos homeorréticos para atender as demandas energéticas impostas nesta fase do ciclo de produção. A inadequada adaptação da vaca no período pode evoluir para balanço energético negativo, doenças metabólicas, imunossupressão e alto risco para doenças infecciosas. Neste cenário, é factível acreditar que a microbiota da vaca sofre importantes alterações em diferentes sítios de colonização, e como causa ou efeito interfere na saúde do hospedeiro. O objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi avaliar as correlações entre parâmetros metabólicos e o estado de saúde da glândula mamária com a microbiota de vacas leiteiras imediatamente após o parto. Foram obtidas amostras sanguíneas de 20 vacas Holandesas multíparas para a determinação de biomarcadores metabólicos, além de colostro, fezes e swabs vaginais para a realização do metagenôma. Reino Archaea foram apenas encontrados em amostras fecais e vaginais. As amostras fecais apresentaram maior abundância de Firmicutes, seguidas por Bacteroidetes e Actinobacteria. Amostras vaginais mostraram domínio dos Firmicutes seguidos pelos Bacteroidetes e Proteobacteria. Já a microbiota do colostro apresentou predominância de p_Proteobacteria, seguido do Firmicutes e Bacteroidetes. No nível taxonômico familia, a Ruminococcaceae foi detectada como a mais abundante, seguida por Bacteroidaceae, Lachnospiraceae e Clostridiceae nas amostras fecais e vaginais. Por outro lado, as famílias predominantes detectadas nas amostras de colostro foram Pseudomonadaceae, Staphylococcaceae e, com menor abundância, Enterobacteriaceae. Foi observada correlação de Spearman positiva entre BHB e NEFA com as bactérias Oscillospira, Treponema, Bacteroides e Methanocorpusculum (Archaea). Ao contrário, o gênero Lactobacillus e a Lachnospiraceae apresentaram associação negativa com a condição de escore corporal, BHB e NEFA. Nas amostras de colostro, a bactéria do gênero L7A-E11 apresentou correlação de Spearman positiva com a contagem de células somáticas (CCS) e correlação negativa com biomarcadores do metabolismo energético. O Coprococcus e o Treponema apresentaram correlações negativas com a albumina, proteína total, triglicerídeos e colesterol. Por fim, o Clostridiaceae teve correlação positiva com a produção de leite das vacas. A análise das amostras vaginais mostrou que Methanocorpusculum teve uma correlação positiva com os biomarcadores do metabolismo energético, enquanto Prevotella e L7A.E11 foram negativamente associados a esses marcadores. A análise de todo o ecossistema demonstrou que os parâmetros associados ao metabolismo, principalmente NEFA e BHB, estão associados a alguns gêneros bacterianos, principalmente em amostras fecais e vaginais de vacas holandesas imediatamente após o parto.
 
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Publishing Date
2020-08-18
 
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