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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.10.2023.tde-27042023-091707
Document
Author
Full name
Pedro Henrique Marchi
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Pirassununga, 2023
Supervisor
Committee
Brunetto, Marcio Antonio (President)
Fukumasu, Heidge
Heinemann, Marcos Bryan
Title in Portuguese
Avaliação dos efeitos de crescentes teores de ingestão de β- glucanos sobre parâmetros digestivos, imunológicos e microbiota de cães adultos
Keywords in Portuguese
Canino
Fermentação
Microbioma
Nutrição
Prebiótico
Abstract in Portuguese
Os β-glucanos obtidos da parede celular de Saccharomyces cerevisiae podem modular o sistema imunológico e o microbioma de cães, no entanto, o teor de inclusão ideal em alimentos secos extrusados permanece desconhecido. Diante do exposto, o presente estudo objetivou avaliar os efeitos da inclusão de níveis crescentes de β- glucanos (0,0%; 0,07%; 0,14%; 0,28%) em alimento seco extrusado sobre parâmetros digestivos, imunológicos e microbiota de cães adultos saudáveis e definir a recomendação ideal para inclusão deste ingrediente. Oito cães border collies machos e fêmeas [n=4; escore de condição corporal (ECC)=5) e cockers spaniel inglês (n=4; ECC=5), com idade de 3,5 ±0,5 anos, foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois quadrados latinos balanceados. Cada período apresentou duração total de 35 dias, os quais foram divididos em 28 dias para adaptação às dietas e sete dias para a coleta de amostras fecais e sanguíneas. Foram determinados os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente (CDA) dos nutrientes, concentrações fecais de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta e ramificada, nitrogênio amoniacal, ácido lático, IgA e pH; imunofenotipagem de linfócitos, intensidade e porcentagem de fagocitose, burst oxidativo e microbiota fecal. Os dados obtidos foram analisados por meio do software computacional Statistical Analysis System (SAS, versão 9.4) e valores de p<0,05 foram considerados significativos. As concentrações fecais dos compostos avaliados e o pH não diferiram após o consumo dos β-glucanos em todas as porcentagens. Maior CDA da proteína bruta foi observado após o consumo de 0,14 e 0,28% de β- glucanos (p<0,0001) pelos cães, mas nenhuma diferença foi encontrada para os demais nutrientes. Porcentagem e intensidade de fagocitose, burst oxidativo e populações linfocitárias não foram moduladas por nenhum dos tratamentos. No entanto, a inclusão de 0,14% de β-glucanos foi capaz de modular a relação linfócitos T CD4+:CD8+ (p=0,0368). Não foram observadas diferenças nos índices de diversidade alfa de Faith e Pielou entre os tratamentos. Contudo, o índice de diversidade beta entre a microbiota fecal dos animais controle diferiu do tratamento com inclusão de 0,14% de β-glucanos (p=0,047). Todos os cinco filos analisados (Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria e Proteobacteria) foram modulados pelos tratamentos com inclusão de β-glucanos (p<0,0001). Também foram observadas diferenças para 15 famílias e 25 gêneros (p<0,05). A inclusão de 0,14% de β-glucanos resultou nas melhores respostas e foi a dose de inclusão ideal.
Title in English
Evaluation of the effects of increasing levels of β-glucans intake on digestive, immunological parameters and microbiota of adult dogs
Keywords in English
Canine
Fermentation
Microbiome
Nutrition
Prebiotic
Abstract in English
Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall β-glucans can modulate the immune system and microbiome of dogs, however, the optimal inclusion dose in dry extruded food remains unknown. In view of the above, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of the inclusion of increasing levels of β-glucans (0.0%; 0.07%; 0.14%; 0.28%) in dry extruded food on digestible, immunity and fecal microbiota variables of healthy adult dogs and define the ideal inclusion of this ingredient. Eight male and female border collies [n=4; body condition score (BCS)=5] and english cockers spaniel (n=4; BCS=5), aged 3.5±0.5 years, were randomly distributed into two balanced latin squares. Each period had a total duration of 35 days, which were divided into 28 days for diet acclimation and seven days for fecal and blood sample collection. Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of nutrients, fecal concentrations of short and branched chain fatty acids, ammoniacal nitrogen, lactic acid, IgA, and pH; lymphocyte immunophenotyping, intensity and percentage of phagocytosis, oxidative burst and fecal microbiota were determined. The data obtained were analyzed by Statistical Analysis System computational software (SAS, version 9.4) and p values<0.05 were considered significant. Fecal concentrations of the evaluated compounds and the pH did not differ after the consumption of β-glucans at all percentages. Higher crude protein ADC was found after 0.14 and 0.28% β-glucans consumption (p<0.0001), but no difference was found for other nutrients. The percentage and intensity of phagocytosis, oxidative burst, and lymphocyte populations were not modulated by any of the treatments. However, the inclusion of 0.14% β-glucans was able to modulate lymphocyte T CD4+:CD8+ ratio (p=0.0368). No differences were observed in Faith and Pielou alpha diversity indices between treatments. However, the beta diversity index among the fecal microbiota of control animals differed from the treatment with 0.14% β-glucans inclusion (p=0.047). All five phyla analyzed (Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, and Proteobacteria) were modulated by treatments with the inclusion of β-glucans (p<0.0001). Other differences were observed for 15 families and 25 genera (p<0.05). The inclusion of 0.14% β-glucans resulted in the best responses and was the optimal inclusion dose.
 
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Publishing Date
2023-11-14
 
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