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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.10.2021.tde-04062021-132212
Document
Author
Full name
Alexandre Arantes Miszura
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Pirassununga, 2021
Supervisor
Committee
Pires, Alexandre Vaz (President)
Balieiro, Júlio César de Carvalho
Cappellozza, Bruno Ieda
Ferreira, Evandro Maia
Goulart, Rodrigo Silva
Title in English
Use of additives for Nellore steers in high forage diets
Keywords in English
Feed additives
Lasalocid
Narasin
Ruminal parameters
Virginiamycin
Abstract in English
This study aimed to compare the effects of the feed additives lasalocid, narasin and virginiamycin to cattle fed high-forage diet. The hypothesis was that the inclusion of these additives would improve nutrient digestibility, change rumen fermentation and, increase the performance of beef cattle fed high-forage diet. Two experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of lasalocid, narasin, and virginiamycin on apparent total tract nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation characteristics, blood parameters, and performance of Bos indicus cattle fed high-forage diet. In Exp. 1, 32 rumen-fistulated Nellore steers (initial shrunk BW = 355 ± 4.4 kg) were assigned to a randomized complete block design (n = 8), according to their initial shrunk BW. Steers were fed daily and diets were composed of 99% of coastcross haylage and 1% of concentrate, used as a delivery vehicle for the additives. The experimental diets consisted of 1) forage-based diet without feed additives (CON); 2) 13 mg/kg DM of narasin (NAR); 3) 20 mg/kg DM of lasalocid (LAS); and 4) 20 mg/kg DM of virginiamycin (VM). The experimental period lasted 140 d, divided into 5 periods of 28 d each. The inclusion of feed additives did not affect the DMI (P = 0.46), consequently, did not affect the nutrients intake (P > 0.05). In addition, there was no difference in nutrient digestibility among diets (P > 0.05). There was an interaction between treatment x day (P < 0.01) for total SCFA, acetate, propionate, and acetate:propionate (A:P) ratio. Animals offered NAR had the greatest total SCFA values on days 84 and 112 (P < 0.05), whereas acetate concentration was lowest to NAR on days 28, 56, 112 (P < 0.05), and lower on day 140 in relation to CON and LAS(P < 0.05). The treatment NAR had the greatest propionate and lowest A:P ratio values on days 28, 56, 112 and 140 when compared to other treatments(P < 0.05). In Exp. 2, 160 Nellore yearling bulls were blocked (n = 10) by initial shrunk BW (212 ± 3.1 kg) in a 140-d feedlot trial. Bulls were fed daily and diets were composed of 96% of coastcross haylage and 4% of concentrate, used as a delivery vehicle for the additives. The treatment NAR had a greater ADG (P = 0.04) than CON and VM and was similar to the LAS. In turn, the animals that received LAS presented a similar ADG to those of the other treatments. The gain:feed (G:F) was greater (P = 0.05) for NAR than CON and VM. Besides, LAS supplementation increased (P = 0.05) the G:F compared with CON, with no difference compared to VM. Consequently, the treatment NAR had the greatest final BW (P = 0.03) than others. In conclusion, NAR improves rumen parameters and performance of yearling bulls fed high-forage diets and LAS improves feed efficiency.
Title in Portuguese
Uso de aditivos para novilhos Nelore em dietas de alto volumoso
Keywords in Portuguese
Aditivos alimentares
Lasalocida
Narasina
Parâmetros ruminais
Virginiamicina
Abstract in Portuguese
Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar os efeitos dos aditivos alimentares lasalocida, narasina e virginiamicina para bovinos alimentados com dietas de alta forragem. A hipótese foi de que a inclusão desses aditivos melhoraria a digestibilidade dos nutrientes, alteraria a fermentação ruminal e melhoraria o desempenho de bovinos de corte alimentados com dietas de alta forragem. Foram delineados dois experimentos para avaliar os efeitos das moléculas lasalocida, narasina e virginiamicina sobre a digestibilidade aparente do trato total, parâmetros de fermentação ruminal, sanguíneos e desempenho de bovinos Nelore (Bos indicus) alimentados com dieta de alto volumoso. No experimento 1, 32 novilhos Nelore providos de cânula ruminal (peso corporal em jejum = 355 ± 4,4 kg) foram aleatorizados em blocos (n = 8), de acordo com seu peso corporal em jejum. Os novilhos foram alimentados diariamente e as dietas eram compostas de 99% de pré-secado de Coastcross e 1% de concentrado, usado como veículo de fornecimento dos aditivos. As dietas experimentais consistiam em 1) dieta baseada em forragem sem aditivos (CON); 2) 13 mg/kg de MS de narasina (NAR); 3) 20 mg/kg de MS de lasalocida e 4) 20 mg/kg de MS de virginiamicina (VM). O período experimental durou 140 dias, divididos em 5 períodos de 28 dias cada. A inclusão dos aditivos não afetou o CMS (P = 0,46), consequentemente, não afetou o consumo de nutrientes (P > 0,05). Além disso, não houve diferença na digestibilidade dos nutrientes entre as dietas (P > 0,05). Houve uma interação tratamento x dia (P < 0,01) para AGCC, acetato, propionato e a taxa acetato:propionato (A:P). Os animais que consumiram NAR tiveram os maiores valores de AGCC nos dias 84 e 112 (P < 0,05), enquanto as concentrações de acetato foram as menores para NAR nos dias 28, 56, 112 (P < 0,05), e menor no dia 140 em relação ao CON e LAS (P < 0,05). O tratamento NAR teve o maior valor de propionato e menor A:P nos dias 28, 56, 112 e 140 quando comparado com os outros tratamentos (P < 0,05). No experimento 2, 160 novilhos Nelore foram blocados (n = 10) pelo peso inicial em jejum (212 ± 3,1 kg) em um confinamento de 140 dias de duração. Os novilhos foram alimentados diariamente e as dietas foram compostas de 96% de pré-secado de Coastcross e 4% de concentrado, usados como veículo de fornecimento para os aditivos. O tratamento NAR teve o maior GMD (P = 0,04) do que CON e VM e foi similar para LAS. Por outro lado, os animais que receberam LAS apresentaram um GMD similar a estes outros tratamentos. A eficiência alimentar (GMD/CMS) foi maior (P = 0,05) para NAR em comparação ao grupo CON e VM. Além disso, o fornecimento de LAS aumentou (P = 0,05) a eficiência alimentar comparado ao CON, com nenhuma diferença comparado a VM. Consequentemente, o tratamento NAR teve o maior peso final (P = 0,03) do que os outros tratamentos. Em conclusão, NAR melhorou os parâmetros e desempenho de novilhos alimentados com dietas de alta forragem e LAS melhorou a eficiência alimentar.
 
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Publishing Date
2021-07-28
 
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