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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.10.2023.tde-19062023-163611
Document
Author
Full name
Daniella Carvalho Ribeiro Oliveira
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2023
Supervisor
Committee
Keid, Lara Borges (President)
Borges, João Carlos Gomes
Carvalho, Vitor Luz
Heinemann, Marcos Bryan
Pinheiro, Eliana Scarcelli
Title in Portuguese
Investigação da ocorrência de infecções por Leptospira spp. e membros da ordem Campylobacteriales em sirênios no Brasil
Keywords in Portuguese
Trichechus inunguis
Trichechus manatus
Campilobacteriose
Helicobacteriose
Leptospirose
Abstract in Portuguese
Os sirênios são os únicos mamíferos aquáticos herbívoros, vivem em regiões tropicais e subtropicais, possuem metabolismo lento e baixa taxa reprodutiva, fatores que favorecem com que sejam mais suscetíveis às ameaças, especialmente de origem antrópica. Assim, configuram como espécies ameaçadas de extinção segundo a IUCN e ICMBio. Neste contexto a ocorrência de doenças infecciosas, em especial, zoonóticas, demandam pesquisas urgentes visando ao esclarecimento de sua ocorrência em peixes-boi, a identificação do papel deles na cadeia epidemiológica destes patógenos para subsidiar ações para a conservação destas espécies. Foram analisados em 93 peixes-bois-marinho (Trichechus manatus manatus) e 26 peixes-bois-da Amazônia (Trichechus inunguis), respectivamente, das regiões Nordeste e Norte do Brasil a ocorrência de zoonoses bacterianas potencialmente associadas a redução da expectativa de vida e a problemas reprodutivos em animais, a leptospirose, campilobacteriose e helicobacteriose. Visando-se à confirmação da exposição à Leptospira spp., procedeu-se a detecção de aglutininas anti-Leptospira em amostras de soro, por meio da prova de aoroaglutinação microscópica, bem como a pesquisa de seu DNA pela PCR em swab genital, sangue e tecidos. Para a pesquisa de Campylobacter spp. e Helicobacter spp. foram nested-PCR em fezes frescas e em fragmentos de órgãos obtidos após necrópsia de animais que vieram a óbito. Foram identificados três T. inunguis e 107 T. manatus com aglutininas anti-Leptospira que variaram de 100 a 3200, mas não houve detecção de DNA desta bactéria nas amostras de sangue, tecidos e swabs testadas. A pesquisa de Helicobacter resultou negativa em todos os animais analisados, enquanto que a investigação de infecção por Campylobacter foi positiva em 47 das 48 amostras de fezes e 13 de 100 tecidos de T. manatus e todas as amostras de T. inunguis analisadas, resultando na confirmação de Campylobacter em 18 delas, além da identificação de Halarcobacter e Aliarcobacter em três amostras. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que os sirênios não sejam suscetíveis a infecções por Helicobacter, mas que sejam hospedeiros de uma diversidade de espécies de Campylobacter, mas cujo impacto à saúde destes animais necessita ser elucidado. Os resultados sorológicos indicam infecção por Leptospira, com altos títulos em alguns animais e alertam para a relevância do monitoramento sistemático desta zoonose nos programas de conservação da espécie, para melhir entender sua epidemiologia.
Title in English
Assessment of infections occurrence by Leptospira spp. and members of the order Campylobacteriales in sirenians in Brazil
Keywords in English
Campylobacter
Helicobacter
Leptospira
Trichechus inunguis
Trichechus manatus
Abstract in English
Sirenians are the only herbivorous aquatic mammals, live in tropical and subtropical regions, have slow metabolism and low reproductive rate, factors that favor them to be more susceptible to threats, especially of anthropic origin. Thus, they are classified as endangered species according to the IUCN and ICMBio. In this context, the occurrence of infectious diseases, especially zoonotic ones, demand urgent research aimed at clarifying their occurrence in manatees, identifying their role in the epidemiological chain of these pathogens to support actions for the conservation of these species. They were analyzed in 93 manatees ( Trichechus manatus manatus ) and 26 Amazonian manatees (Trichechus inunguis), respectively, from the Northeast and North regions of Brazil the occurrence of bacterial zoonoses potentially associated with reduced life expectancy and reproductive disorders in animals, leptospirosis, campylobacteriosis and helicobacteriosis. Aiming to confirm exposure to Leptospira spp., the detection of anti- Leptospira agglutinins in serum samples was carried out by means of the microscopic agglutination test, as well as the research of its DNA by PCR in genital swabs, blood and tissues. For the research of Campylobacter spp. and Helicobacter spp. nested -PCR were performed in fresh feces and in organ fragments obtained after necropsy of animals that died. Three T. inunguis and 107 T. manatus were identified with anti- Leptospira agglutinins ranging from 100 to 3200, but there was no detection of DNA from this bacterium in the blood samples, tissues and swabs tested. The Helicobacter test was negative in all analyzed animals, while the Campylobacter infection investigation was positive in 47 out of 48 stool samples and 13 out of 100 T. manatus tissues and all T. inunguis samples analyzed, resulting in the confirmation of Campylobacter in 18 of them, in addition to the identification of Halarcobacter and Aliarcobacter in three samples. The results obtained suggest that sirenians are not susceptible to infections by Helicobacter, but that they are hosts of a diversity of Campylobacter species, whose impact on the health of these animals needs to be elucidated. Serological results indicate infection by Leptospira, with high titers in some animals and call attention to the importance of systematic monitoring of this zoonosis in conservation programs for the species, in order to better understand its epidemiology.
 
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Release Date
2025-11-13
Publishing Date
2023-11-21
 
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