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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.10.2023.tde-12012024-094833
Document
Author
Full name
Alice Marcela Sampaio Del Colletto
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2023
Supervisor
Committee
Nishiyama, Ana Claudia Oliveira Carreira (President)
Carvalho, Luiz Fernando Pina de
Kfoury Junior, José Roberto
Lobba, Aline Ramos Maia
Silva, Maria Antonieta Longo Galvão da
Title in Portuguese
Análise do CD90/THY-1 em células estromais do câncer de mama
Keywords in Portuguese
Biomarcadores tumorais
Câncer de mama triplo negativo
Microambiente tumoral
TMA
Transição epitélio-mesênquima
Abstract in Portuguese
A neoplasia de mama em mulheres é um sério problema de Saúde Pública, sendo uma doença heterogênea resultante de alterações gênicas e cromossômicas. Os aspectos das interações tumor-estroma indicam que a aquisição do fenótipo maligno não depende exclusivamente de propriedades intrínsecas das células tumorais, mas também de características do microambiente tumoral (TEM). Diversas células e proteínas participam desse processo, algumas das quais são utilizadas como marcadores tumorais, permitindo orientar e direcionar o tratamento específico. O marcador de células-tronco mesenquimais CD90/Thy-1 foi identificado em diversos tipos de câncer, sendo correlacionado com malignidade, mas o papel deste marcador no TEM mamário ainda não foi totalmente elucidado. Nosso grupo descreveu o envolvimento de CD90/Thy1 na transformação maligna utilizando linhagens celulares de mama humanas, e pela análise de microarranjo de tecidos (Tissue MicroArray, TMA) tumorais mamários humanos demonstrando a relação entre CD90/Thy1 e o subtipo basal-símile de pior prognóstico e menor sobrevida do paciente. Sabendo do envolvimento de CD90/Thy1 na interação estroma-epitélio em outros tipos de tumores, buscou-se o entendimento do papel dessa molécula no microambiente do carcinoma mamário durante a transformação maligna celular e na heterogeneidade celular típica dos tumores mamários. Dada a necessidade de entender outras vias que possam estar correlacionadas com o pior prognóstico no carcinoma mamário, foram revistos dados de literatura abordando CD90/Thy1 como potencial biomarcador em câncer, visando otimizar o diagnóstico, orientar/direcionar tratamentos, permitindo o desenvolvimento de novos protocolos terapêuticos clínicos. O papel do eixo regulatório PD-1/PD-L1 no TEM do câncer de mama foi revisto também, a fim de focar em alvos para realizar a inibição de certos fatores inflamatórios, ocasionando um possível efeito positivo no tratamento do carcinoma mamário triplo negativo. Como parte experimental foram realizadas investigações de CD90/Thy1 no estroma de amostras de pacientes com câncer de mama pela técnica de TMA, e no TEM em modelo de cultivo 2D e 3D com células triplo negativas parentais (Hs578T) ou modificadas para o gene CD90 (Hs578T/shCD90), associadas (organoides mamário) ou não com os fibroblastos. Para a análise da expressão de CD90/Thy1 pelo TMA, um grande número de amostras de câncer de mama humano foi utilizado, visando correlacioná-la com a presença de outras proteínas envolvidas na transição epitélio- mesênquima, como, N-Caderina, E-Caderina, CD-44 e outras. A expressão de CD90/THY-1 na área intratumoral e/ou tumoral nas amostras de pacientes foi investigada para melhor avaliar o papel desta proteína na oncogênese em células estromais mamárias. Os dados indicaram que CD90/THY-1 não está apenas envolvido com a transformação maligna do câncer mamário, mas, também, está associado a pior prognóstico das pacientes portadoras do sub-tipo basal e, pela primeira vez, aos subtipos luminal A e B, sendo possível considerá-lo como um novo marcador promissor para a terapia-alvo do câncer de mama. No último capítulo foi proposto o uso de técnicas de cultivo 2D e 3D para entender a relação da proteína CD90/Thy1 no TEM mamário, com a presença de fibroblastos, e desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta para a análise de novos protocolos clínicos de diagnóstico e, futuramente, terapêuticos, mimetizando o microambiente tumoral mamário.
Title in English
CD90/THY-1 analysis into stromal cells in breast cancer
Keywords in English
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition
TMA
Triple negative breast cancer
Tumor biomarkers
Tumor microenvironment
Abstract in English
Breast neoplasia is a major problem in public health. It is a heterogeneous disease, resulting in genetic and chromosomal alterations. The tumor-stroma interactions and it is increasingly known that malignant phenotype acquisition depends not only on intrinsic tumor cell properties, but also on characteristics of the tumor microenvironment. Several cells and proteins participate in this process and some are utilized as tumor markers, aiming to orient and direct specific treatment. The mesenchymal stem cell marker CD90/Thy-1 has been progressively identified in several types of cancer, correlated with malignity, but this markers role in breast cancer had yet to be elucidated. Our group described the involvement of CD90/Thy1 in malignant transformation using human breast cell lines as model, and by tissue microarray analysis (Tissue MicroArray, TMA) of human breast tumors, demonstrating the relationship between CD90/Thy1 and the worst basal-like subtype prognosis and shorter patient survival. Knowing the involvement of CD90/Thy1 in the stroma- epithelium interaction in other types of tumors, we investigated the role of this molecule in the microenvironment of breast carcinoma during cellular malignant transformation and in the cellular heterogeneity typical of breast tumors. Given the need to understand other pathways that may be correlated with the worst prognosis in breast carcinoma, the literature data were reviewed addressing CD90/Thy1 as a potential biomarker in cancer, aiming to optimize diagnosis, guide/direct treatments, allowing the development of new protocols clinical therapies. The role of the PD-1/PD-L1 regulatory axis in breast cancer TEM was also reviewed, to focus on targets to inhibit certain inflammatory factors, causing a possible positive effect in the treatment of triple- negative breast carcinoma. As an experimental aim, investigations of CD90/Thy1 were carried out in the stroma of samples from breast cancer patients using the TMA technique, and in TEM in a 2D and 3D culture model with parental triple-negative cells (Hs578T) or cells modified for the CD90 gene (Hs578T/shCD90), associated (mammary organoids) or not with fibroblasts. For the analysis of CD90/Thy1 expression by TMA, a large number of human breast cancer samples were used, aiming to correlate it with the presence of other proteins involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, such as N-Cadherin, E- Cadherin, CD-44 and others. The expression of CD90/THY-1 in the intratumoral and/or tumoral area in patient samples was investigated to better evaluate the role of this protein in oncogenesis in mammary stromal cells. The data indicated that CD90/THY-1 is not only involved in the malignant transformation of breast cancer, but is also associated with a worse prognosis in patients with the basal subtype and, for the first time, with the luminal A subtypes and B, making it possible to consider it as a promising new marker for targeted therapy for breast cancer. In the last chapter, the use of 2D and 3D cultivation techniques was proposed to understand the relationship between the CD90/Thy1 protein in breast TEM, with the presence of fibroblasts, and the development of a tool for the analysis of new clinical diagnostic protocols and, in the future for therapeutic and mimicking the breast tumor microenvironment.
 
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Release Date
2026-03-27
Publishing Date
2024-04-03
 
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