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Habilitation Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.9.2014.tde-29042014-125910
Document
Author
Full name
Elvira Maria Guerra Shinohara
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2012
Committee
Moreno, Fernando Salvador (President)
Campa, Ana
Figueiredo, Maria Stella
Oliveira, José Salvador Rodrigues de
Sonati, Maria de Fatima
Title in Portuguese
Bases moleculares de alterações no metabolismo de ácido fólico, cobalamina e ferro
Keywords in Portuguese
Ácido fólico
Cobalamina
Ferro
Vitamina B12
Abstract in Portuguese
Esta tese apresenta estudos realizados sobre as bases moleculares do metabolismo do ácido fólico (AF), da cobalamina (Cbl) e do ferro, os quais são micronutrientes essenciais na hematopoese e participam de diversos processos metabólicos importantes no organismo. Buscou-se responder algumas questões importantes sobre a interação entre fatores nutricionais e genéticos na deficiência e na sobrecarga de AF, Cbl e ferro. A primeira etapa foi de identificação de biomarcadores para caracterização dessas deficiências nutricionais e avaliação de como respondem em caso de deficiência. Em seguida, estudou-se as mulheres não grávidas, as gestantes e o binômio mãe e recém-nascido, grupos de risco para deficiência de AF e Cbl; e a razão de se instituir no país a fortificação compulsória com AF e ferro em farinhas de trigo e milho. Identificaram-se fatores nutricionais e genéticos associados ao aumento de homocisteína total (tHcy) e do ácido metilmalônico (MMA) e das alterações na taxa de metilação do DNA em mulheres e em pacientes. Também foram avaliados os principais fatores de risco nutricionais e genéticos para as perdas fetais espontâneas e recorrentes. Com a finalidade de contribuir para a avaliação do impacto da fortificação das farinhas com o ferro, avaliaram-se biomarcadores e fatores genéticos do estado do ferro, incluindo indivíduos saudáveis, com anemia ferropriva e sobrecarga de ferro, para orientar políticas públicas. Essa contribuição científica tem caracterizado minha principal linha de pesquisa na Universidade de São Paulo.
Title in English
Molecular basis of alterations in the metabolism of folic acid, cobalamin and iron
Keywords in English
Cobalamin
Folic acid
Iron
Vitamin B12
Abstract in English
This thesis presents studies on the molecular basis of the metabolism of folic acid (FA), cobalamin (Cbl) and iron, which are essential micronutrients in hematopoiesis and participate in many important metabolic processes in the body. We sought to answer some important questions about the interaction between genetic and nutritional factors on disability and an overload of AF, Cbl and iron. The first step was the identification of biomarkers to characterize these nutritional deficiencies and assessing how they respond in the event of disability. Then, we studied nonpregnant women, pregnant women and the mother and newborn, risk groups for AF and Cbl deficiency, and the reason for the country to establish mandatory fortification with AF and iron in wheat flours and maize. We identified genetic and nutritional factors associated with increased total homocysteine (tHcy) and methylmalonic acid (MMA) and changes in the rate of DNA methylation in women and in patients. Also evaluated were the main nutritional and genetic risk factors for spontaneous and recurrent fetal loss. In order to help evaluate the impact of flour fortification with iron, biomarkers and genetic factors of iron status were evaluated which included healthy individuals with iron deficiency and an iron overload to guide public policy. This scientific contribution has characterized my main line of research at the University of São Paulo.
 
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Publishing Date
2014-05-19
 
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