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Habilitation Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.5.2006.tde-26052006-143708
Document
Author
Full name
Jorge Fonte de Rezende Filho
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2002
Committee
Zugaib, Marcelo (President)
Camano, Luiz
Montenegro, Carlos Antonio Barbosa
Neme, Bussamara
Souza, Eduardo de
Title in Portuguese
Protocolo minimamente invasivo para assistência às gestantes com aloimunização pelo fator Rh fundamentado no Doppler da artéria cerebral média fetal.
Keywords in Portuguese
Artéria cerebral média/ultrasonografia
Complicações na gravidez
Gravidez de alto risco
Isoimunização RH/diagnóstico
Protocolos clínicos/normas
Transfusão de sangue intra-uterina/métodos
Ultra-sonografia Doppler em cores/métodos
Ultrasonografia pré-natal/métodos
Abstract in Portuguese
Analisar o prognóstico fetal na doença hemolítica perinatal (DHPN) utilizando-se como método de acompanhamento fetal a velocidade sistólica máxima (VSmax) da artéria cerebral média (ACM). Material e Método: Trinta e sete pacientes, com graus variáveis de aloimunização. O acompanhamento foi feito pela VSmax da ACM (zonas A, B/C e D), tendo-se apenas procedido à cordocentese quando indicada a transfusão intravascular (TIV) pelo Doppler (VSmax acima de + 2 múltiplos do erro padrão). Resultados: O número de avaliações por paciente variou entre um e 16 (média=6,2; DP=+3,8). Ao primeiro Doppler, 13 pacientes (35,1%) estavam abaixo da 24ª semana. Foram realizadas 26 TIVs (média=0,7; DP=+1,54). Vinte e sete pacientes (73%) não necessitaram TIV. Os partos foram cesáreos em 35 casos (94,6%), sendo 26 (70,3%) entre 36 e 38 semanas. Trinta e três recém-nascidos (RN) (89,2%) tiveram peso ao nascimento igual ou superior a 2500g, 33 (89,2%) apresentaram Apgar superior a seis no primeiro minuto e 37 (100%) no quinto minuto. Sete RN (18,9%) foram Rh-negativo e 15 (40,5%) apresentaram Coombs direto negativo. O hematócrito dos RN imediatamente ao parto foi de 34,9% (DP=+8,76) na zona A, 44,4% (DP=+6,74) nas zonas B/C e 47,8% (DP=+6,88) na zona D (p=0,0035). A média de dias dos RN em fototerapia na zona A foi 8,9 (DP=+5,53), nas zonas B/C foi 4,35 (DP=+2,80) e na zona D foi 2,5 (DP=+2,12) (p=0,0011). Vinte e três RN (62,2%) não necessitaram exangüinotransfusão. A média desses procedimentos na zona A foi 1,2 (DP=+0,79), nas zonas B/C foi 0,24 (DP=+0,44) e na zona D foi 0,2 (DP=+0,42) (p=0,0016). Conclusões: O acompanhamento do feto na DHPN pela VSmax da ACM teve 100% de sobrevida fetal. Através dessa política não-invasiva de monitoramento fetal, minimizou-se o número de cordocenteses, otimizando-as para os casos de TIV.
Title in English
Minimally invasive protocol for assessment of Rhesus alloimmunized patients based on the fetal middle cerebral artery Doppler.
Keywords in English
Blood transfusion intrauterine/methods
Clinical protocols/standards
Middle cerebral artery/ultrasonography
Pregnancy complications
Pregnancy high-risk
Rh isoimmunization/diagnosis
Ultrasonography Doppler collor/methods
Ultrasonography prenatal/methods
Abstract in English
To evaluate the fetal prognosis in alloimmunized pregnancies by means of middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity (MCA-PSV). Methods: Thirty-seven patients, with variable degrees of alloimmunization, were evaluated through MCA-PSV (zones A, B/C and D). Cordocentesis was only carried out when intravascular transfusion (IVT) was indicated (MCA-PSV above two multiples of the standard error of estimation). Results: The number of Doppler evaluations per patient varied between one and 16 (mean=6.2; SD=+3.8). At first Doppler 13 patients (35.1%) were below 24 weeks pregnancy. Twenty-six IVT.s were performed (mean=0.7; SD=+1.54). Twenty-seven patients (73%) did not require IVT.s. Thirty-five cesarean sections were done (94.6%), 26 of those (70.3%) between 36 and 38 weeks pregnancy. Thirty-three newborns (89.2%) weighed more than 2499g, 33 (89.2%) presented a 1st minute Apgar score greater than six and 37 (100%) a 5th minute Apgar score greater than 6. Seven neonates (18.9%) were Rhesus-negative and in 15 (40.5%) of these the direct Coombs test was negative. The hematocrit of the newborns immediately after birth was 34.9% (SD=+8.76) in zone A, 44.4% (SD=+6.74) in zones B/C and 47.8% (SD=+6.88) in zone D (p=0.0035). Phototherapy after birth was required in 8.9 days for zone A fetuses (SD=+5.53), 4.35 days (SD=+2.80) for zones B/C fetuses and 2.5 days (SD=+2.12) for zone D fetuses (p=0.0011). Twenty-three newborns (62.2%) did not require exchange transfusions. The mean values for these procedures was 1.2 (SD=+0.79) in zone A, 0.24 (SD=+0.44) in zones B/C and 0.2 (SD=+0.42) in zone D (p=0.0016). Conclusions: Fetal surveillance in alloimmunized patients by means of MCA-PSV had a 100% survival rate. Through this non-invasive policy of fetal assessment, the number of cordocentesis was minimized and they were restricted to cases when IVT.s were required.
 
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Publishing Date
2006-05-26
 
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