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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.99.2012.tde-31012014-154317
Document
Author
Full name
Erika Gracielle Pinto
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2012
Supervisor
Committee
Cardoso, André Gustavo Tempone (President)
Lago, João Henrique Ghilardi
Spencer, Patrick Jack
Title in Portuguese
Isolamento, caracterização e atividade anti-leishmania chagasi e anti-trypanosoma cruzi de compostos bioativos de venenos de anfíbios brasileiros
Keywords in Portuguese
Anfíbios
Doença de Chagas
Fármacos
Leishmaniose visceral
Peptídeos
Venenos
Abstract in Portuguese
Dentre as doenças parasitárias tropicais, as causadas por protozoários se apresentam como um grande desafio para a saúde pública, sendo representadas pela leishmaniose e doença de Chagas. Afetam grandes populações marginais ao processo econômico globalizado, e desta forma, não são vistas como mercados potenciais. O presente projeto visou o isolamento de novos compostos naturais de venenos animais com atividade anti-Leishmania e anti-T. cruzi. O presente estudo fracionou por diferentes técnicas cromatográficas, os venenos dos anfíbios Siphonops annulatus, Corythomantis greeningi, Aparasphenodon brunoi e Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis, visando o isolamento de peptídeos e metabólitos secundários através de ensaios biomonitorados. Utilizando-se a espectrometria de massas e seqüenciamento por degradação química de Edman, foi possível a caracterização bioquímica de cinco peptídeos ativos da secreção de Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis, sendo estes a bradicinina, as dermaseptinas 1 e 4 e as filoseptinas 7 e 8. Os peptídeos apresentaram uma Concentração Efetiva 50% (CE50) variando entre 0,7 a 20 ?g/mL em L. (L.) infantum chagasi e T. cruzi, com baixa ou nenhuma citotoxicidade para células de mamíferos nas concentrações testadas. Além disso, a separação química da secreção do anfíbio Siphonops annulatus forneceu uma fração altamente ativa em promastigotas de L. (L.) infantum chagasi, com CE50 0,065 ?g/mL, porém com toxicidade bastante elevada para macrófagos peritoneais e nenhuma seletividade nas formas intracelulares. Estudos ultraestruturais de Leishmania demonstraram severos danos mitocondriais, além da formação de grande vacúolos citoplasmáticos, levando o parasita a morte em poucas horas. O presente estudo demonstrou o potencial de peptídeos e metabólitos secundários de venenos de anfíbios, que se adequadamente estudados, poderão contribuir como novos protótipos de fármacos para a doenças negligenciadas.
Title in English
Isolation, characterization, antileishmanial and antitrypanosomal activity of bioactive compounds from brazilian amphibian poisons
Keywords in English
Amphibians
Chagas disease
Drugs
Peptides
Poison
Visceral leishmaniasis
Abstract in English
Among the tropical parasitic diseases, those caused by protozoa present a major challenge to public health, being represented by leishmaniasis and Chagas disease. Affect large populations marginal to the global economic process, and thus are not seen as potential markets. This project aimed the isolation of new natural compounds in animal venoms with anti-Leishmania activity and anti-T. cruzi. The present study fractionated by different chromatographic techniques, the poisons of the amphibians Siphonops annulatus, Corythomantis greeningi, Aparasphenodon brunoi and Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis, aiming the isolation of peptides and secondary metabolites through bioguided assays. By using mass spectrometry and sequencing by Edman degradation, it was possible to do the biochemical characterization of five active peptides from the poison of Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis, as bradykinin, dermaseptins 1 and 4 and phylloseptins 7 and 8. The peptides showed a 50% Effective Concentration (EC50) ranging from 0.7 to 20 ?g/mL in L. (L.) infantum chagasi and T. cruzi, with little or no cytotoxicity to mammalian cells at the tested concentrations. In addition, the chemical separation of the poison of the amphibian Siphonops annulatus provided a highly active fraction against promastigotes of L. (L.) infantum chagasi, with an EC50 of 0.065 ?g/mL, but highly toxicity to peritoneal macrophages and without selectivity against the intracellular forms of Leishmania. Ultrastructural studies of Leishmania showed severe mitochondrial damages and the formation of large cytoplasmic vacuoles, leading to parasite death within few hours. The present study demonstrated the potential of peptides and secondary metabolites of amphibian poisons, and if adequately studied, may contribute as prototypes of new drugs for neglected diseases.
 
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2014-02-26
 
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