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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.99.2014.tde-07072014-115528
Document
Author
Full name
Liã Bárbara Arruda
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2014
Supervisor
Committee
Casseb, Jorge Simão do Rosário (President)
Oliveira, Rafael Martins de
Janini, Luiz Mario Ramos
Nakaya, Helder Takashi Imoto
Sucupira, Maria Cecilia Araripe
Title in Portuguese
Caracterização molecular da gp120 do HIV-1 e suas implicações sobre o tropismo pelos correceptores CCR5 e CXCR4
Keywords in Portuguese
Bioinformática
HIV-1
Tropismo
Abstract in Portuguese
A descoberta do tropismo do Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana tipo 1 (HIV-1) pelos correceptores CCR5 e CXCR4 propiciou o desenvolvimento de novas estratégias terapêuticas com alvo nestes correceptores. Os antagonistas de CCR5 são fármacos que bloqueiam o correceptor CCR5, impedindo a entrada do (HIV) na célula, levando a uma diminuição significativa da viremia. Porém, a administração deste medicamento depende da determinação do tropismo dos vírus do indivíduo infectado antes e ao longo do uso desta estratégia terapêutica. A alça V3 da gp120 do envelope do HIV-1 é considerada o principal determinante do tropismo, mas outros fatores como diferenças intrínsecas entre as variantes do HIV-1, o número de sítios de N-glicosilação, variações no comprimento de determinadas regiões e a carga elétrica global da gp120 também podem afetar o tropismo viral. Este estudo apresenta a caracterização molecular da gp120 e a relação dos fatores moleculares com o tropismo pelos correceptores CCR5 e CXCR4. Foram incluídos no estudo 283 indivíduos infectados pelo HIV-1, dos quais foi possível obter 265 sequências da alça V3, resultados de tropismo fenotípico para 78 amostras e 20 sequências da gp120 completa. O tropismo fenotípico demonstrou a prevalência de vírus R5 (70,5%) e a presença de apenas uma amostra contendo exclusivamente vírus X4. O tropismo genotípico classificou 71,7% das sequências como vírus R5 e 28,2% como capazes de utilizar o correceptor CXCR4. A concordância entre os resultados de tropismo fenotípico e genotípico foi de 74,5%. Houve a prevalência do subtipo B (82%), sendo que a variante B'(GWGR) esteve presente em 34,5% dos casos. Em média, as sequências da gp120 apresentaram 22 sítios de N-glicosilação, concentrados nas regiões C2 e C4. A carga elétrica líquida apresentou médias semelhantes entre vírus R5 e X4 tanto para a alça V3 quanto para a gp120. As características moleculares descritas neste estudo apresentaram distribuição semelhante entre vírus R5 e X4, não sendo possível estabelecer relações entre estes fatores a determinação do tropismo.
Title in English
Molecular characterization of HIV-1-gp120 and its implications on coreceptor tropism
Keywords in English
Bioinformatics
HIV-1
Tropism
Abstract in English
The tropism of Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV - 1) for CCR5 and CXCR4 coreceptors has provided the development of new therapeutic strategies targeting these coreceptors. CCR5 antagonists are able to prevent the HIV cell entry by blocking the CCR5 coreceptor, improving the viremia decreasing. However, this drug administration depends on viral tropism determination before and during the use of this therapeutic strategy. The V3 loop of the HIV-1 gp120 envelope is the major tropism determinant, but other factors such HIV-1 genetic variability, number of potential N-linked glycosylation sites, length variations in some protein domains and the gp120 global net charge may also affect the viral tropism. This study presents the molecular characterization of gp120 and the relationship between molecular factors and the tropism for CCR5 and CXCR4 coreceptors. A total of 283 HIV-1 infected subjects were included in this study. It was possible to obtain 265 V3 loop sequences, 78 results of phenotypic tropism and 20 sequences of the whole gp120. Phenotypic tropism showed the prevalence of R5 viruses (70.5%) while exclusively X4 viruses were found in only one sample. Genotypic tropism classified 71.7% of the sequences as R5 and 28.2% as virus able to use the CXCR4 correceptor. The agreement between phenotypic and genotypic tropism results was 74.5%. There was a prevalence of subtype B (82%), and the B' (GWGR) variant was present in 34.5% of the cases. gp120 showed a mean of 22 N-linked glycosylation sites, which were more frequent in the C2 and C4 regions. The net charge showed similar means between R5 and X4 viruses for both V3 loop and gp120. The molecular characteristics described in this study showed similar distribution between R5 and X4 viruses and it was not possible to establish relationships between these factors the tropism determination.
 
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Publishing Date
2014-07-07
 
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