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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.97.2015.tde-08102015-172236
Document
Author
Full name
Edilon de Oliveira França
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Lorena, 2015
Supervisor
Committee
Barboza, Miguel Justino Ribeiro (President)
Baptista, Carlos Antonio Reis Pereira
Pereira, Marcelo dos Santos
Title in Portuguese
Caracterizações microestrutural e mecânica dos aços ARBL graus 95 e 110
Keywords in Portuguese
Aço API 5CT
Planejamento Experimental
Propriedades Mecânicas
Revenimento
Têmpera
Abstract in Portuguese
Este estudo teve como objetivo a determinação dos menores valores de tempo e temperatura para obtenção dos graus 95 e 110, através de projeto de experimento completo fatorial rotacional. Posteriormente foi investigado o comportamento mecânico e estrutural do aço API 5CT. Para os aços bruto, normalizado e seus respectivos graus 95 e 110 nos sentidos transversal e longitudinal. Para isto, foram realizados ensaios de tração, dureza, impacto e metalografia. Os mesmos foram submetidos ao tratamento térmico de têmpera com a temperatura de austenitização de 870°C e resfriados em água. Na sequência, realizou- se o tratamento de revenimento orientado pelo planejamento de experimento. O aço bruto apresentou estrutura perlitica bandeada na matriz ferritica. No aço normalizado foi observada a perlita mais homogeneamente distribuída em toda matriz ferritica. O grau 95 obtido a partir do aço bruto e normalizado apresentou a estrutura martensítica revenida em ripas e Ferrita. O grau 110 partindo dos aços, bruto e normalizado apresentou microestrutura martensítica revenida refinada ou em ilhas e Ferrita. Os módulos de resiliência e tenacidade dos aços bruto e seus graus apresentaram valores em torno de 14% maiores quando comparados ao aço normalizado. De forma similar, os limites de escoamento e tração aumentaram em 10%. A capacidade de encruamento aumentou cerca de 16% e houve um aumento de 5% no coeficiente de resistência. Em ambos os casos, os valores obtidos estão adequados à norma API 5CT. As análises das fractografias das amostras testadas em tração, para as condições bruto e normalizado, revelaram a predominância de fratura dúctil e trincas secundarias provenientes do tratamento térmico. A fratura do ensaio de impacto obtida a 60°C, dos aços bruto e normalizado, apresentaram fraturas dúcteis na região central e fraturas frágeis nas extremidades. Na temperatura de - 196 °C as fraturas foram predominantemente frágeis. Para o aço bruto e seus respectivos graus, a transição dúctil frágil ocorreu a -34°C com 79J de energia absorvida. Para o aço normalizado e os graus correspondentes, a temperatura de transição foi de -48 °C e a energia absorvida de 85J.
Title in English
Microstructural and mechanical characterizations of degrees steels 95, and 110 HSLA
Keywords in English
Experimental Design
Mechanical Properties
Quenching
Steel API5CT
Tempering
Abstract in English
The purpose of this study was to determine the lowest time, and temperature values needed to obtain the degrees 95, and 110 of the HSLA steels through a rotational, full factorial experiment design. Subsequently, the mechanical and structural behavior of the API 5CT steel was also investigated. Values for the raw steel samples were normalized transversally and longitudinally. For this purpose, traction, hardness, impact, and metallographic tests were conducted. The aforementioned alloys were subjected to heat treatment by quenching with an austenitizing temperature of 870°C, and then cooled in water. The next step was the treatment of tempering heat as determined by the experimental design. The raw steel showed signs of a pearlite banded structure in the ferritic matrix. The 95 degree sample obtained from the raw and normalized steel displayed martensitic structures tempered in lath and ferrite. The 110 degree sample created from raw and normalized steel exhibited refined tempered standard martensitic structures, in addition to ferrite. The raw steel resilience, and tenacity moduli, along with its temperature values were about 14% greater when compared to the normalized steel results. Similarly, ullage and traction thresholds increased by 10%. The strain hardening capacity increased by about 16% and there was an increase of 5% in the resistance coefficient. In both cases, the values obtained were within API 5CT standards. Sample analyses from fractographies, and traction tests (for raw and normalized steels) revealed the prevalent occurrence of ductile fractures, and secondary cracks caused by the heat treatment. The impact test, at 60°C, for both the raw and normalized samples, caused ductile fractures in the center, and brittle fissures around the edges. At the temperature of -196 °C, fractures were predominantly fragile. For the raw steel samples tested and their respective degrees, the ductile brittle transition occurred at - 34°C with absorbed energy of 79J. For the standard steel and its corresponding degree, the transition temperature was -48°C, and absorbed energy of 85J.
 
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Publishing Date
2015-10-08
 
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