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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.97.2015.tde-08102015-171350
Document
Author
Full name
Paulo Ricardo Soares Azevedo e Silva
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Lorena, 2015
Supervisor
Committee
Nunes, Carlos Angelo (President)
Eleno, Luiz Tadeu Fernandes
Schön, Claudio Geraldo
Title in Portuguese
Estudo da difusão entre a fase intermetálica  Υ-TiAl e Fe / Aço
Keywords in Portuguese
?-TiAl
Aço
Difusão
Ferro
Par de Difusão
Abstract in Portuguese
Compostos intermetálicos baseados em Aluminetos de Titânio são considerados promissores para aplicações estruturais em altas temperaturas. Eles apresentaram, principalmente, baixa massa específica (3,2 - 4,2 g/cm3), alto ponto de fusão (1400 - 1500 °C) e alta resistência mecânica entre 600 e 950 °C. O estudo de difusão entre ?-TiAl e materiais ricos em ferro é importante para observar fenômenos e obter dados relevantes a junção desses materiais com o Aço - a liga metálica mais versátil conhecida. Componentes como turbocompressores automotivos serão beneficiados com o desenvolvimento e a aplicação das ligas TiAl, sendo um aspecto importante a junção do rotor de TiAl com o eixo de aço do componente. O presente trabalho foi executado em três etapas: obtenção do intermetálico monofásico ?-TiAl; estudo de pares de difusão ?-TiAl/Fe; e estudo de pares de difusão ?-TiAl/Aço. Ligas com composições Ti50Al50 e Ti47Al53 foram confeccionadas e caracterizadas por microscopia ótica, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e microanálise EDS, difratometria de raios-X e ensaios de dureza. As fases ?-TiAl e ?2-Ti3Al foram observadas em diversas microestruturas de acordo com a composição química e tratamento térmico da amostra. Os parâmetros de rede e as frações volumétricas das fases ?-TiAl e ?2-Ti3Al foram determinados por difração de raios-X através do refinamento pelo método de Rietvelt. A dureza média encontrada nas amostras TiAl foi de 272 a 340 HV500. A liga Ti47Al53 tratada termicamente a 1200 °C por 7 dias apresentou-se monofásica ?-TiAl e foi a escolhida para os estudos de pares de difusão. Caracterização microestrutural por MO e MEV/EDS, ensaio de dilatometria, ensaios de dureza e análise química foram executados no Aço retirado de um eixo do turbocompressor automotivo. Os pares de difusão ?-TiAl/Fe e ?-TiAl/Aço foram confeccionados e tratados a 800, 1000 e 1200 °C por 24 horas e caracterizados microestruturalmente com auxílio de um MEV/EDS. Nos pares confeccionados com Ferro, menores temperaturas de tratamento térmicos possibilitaram maiores regiões de ligação dos materiais e observou-se menores quantidades de trincas, provavelmente relacionado a menores tensões internas no resfriamento. Já nos pares confeccionados com Aço, observou-se a formação de carbonetos ricos em Titânio que atuaram como barreira de difusão, reduzindo consideravelmente as regiões de ligação em comparado com os pares confeccionados com Ferro. Em todos os pares de difusão, diversas regiões reacionais na interface de difusão foram observadas e através de dados da literatura, sugeriu-se as prováveis fases presentes em cada região.
Title in English
Study of the diffusion between ?-TiAl intermetallic phase and Fe / Steel
Keywords in English
?-TiAl
Diffusion
Diffusion couple
Iron
Steel
Abstract in English
Intermetallic compounds based on titanium aluminides are considered promising for structural applications in high temperatures. They presented mainly low density (3.2 to 4.2 g/cm3), high melting point (1400 to 1500 °C) and high mechanical strength between 600 and 950 °C. The study of diffusion between ?-TiAl and Fe-rich materials is important to observe phenomena and obtain relevant data joining these materials with steel - the most versatile metal alloy known. Components such as automotive turbochargers will benefit from the development and application of TiAl alloys, and represents an important aspect the junction between TiAl wheel and steel shaft component. The work was performed in three steps: obtaining ?-TiAl intermetallic single-phase; investigation of ?-TiAl/Fe diffusion couples; and investigation of ?-TiAl/Steel diffusion couples. Alloys with Ti50Al50 and Ti47Al53 compositions were made and characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and EDS microanalysis, X-rays diffraction and hardness tests. The ?-TiAl and ?2-Ti3Al phases were observed in several microstructures according to the chemical composition and the sample heat-treatment. The lattice parameters and volumetric fractions of ?-TiAl and ?2-Ti3Al phases was determined by X-ray diffraction by the Rietveld method. The average hardness found in TiAl samples was 272-340 HV500. The Ti47Al53 alloy heattreated at 1200 °C for 7 days showed ?-TiAl single-phase and it was chosen for diffusion couples investigations. Microstructural characterization, dilatometry tests, hardness tests, and chemical analysis was performed on a steel sample removed from the automotive turbocharger shaft. The ?-TiAl/Fe and ?-TiAl/Steel diffusion couples were made and heattreated at 800, 1000, 1200 °C for 24 hours and were microstructurally characterized by SEM/EDS. In couples made of Iron, lower heat-treatment temperatures allowed the highest attachment regions of the material and smaller amounts of cracks was found, probably due to lower internal stress during cooling. In the couples made of steel, it was observed the formation of Ti-rich carbides that worked as diffusion barrier, reducing considerably the binding regions compared with Iron couples. In all diffusion couples samples, several reaction regions on the diffusion interface were observed and through the literature it was suggested the probable phases present in each region.
 
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EMD15008_C.pdf (19.05 Mbytes)
Publishing Date
2015-10-08
 
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