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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.97.2018.tde-04122018-143028
Document
Author
Full name
Paulo Henrique de Oliveira Monteiro Alves
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Lorena, 2018
Supervisor
Committee
Sandim, Hugo Ricardo Zschommler (President)
Faria, Maria Ismenia Sodero Toledo
Nunes, Carlos Angelo
Rios, Paulo Rangel
Title in Portuguese
Soldagem a laser e caracterização microestrutural do aço avançado de alta resistência DP1000
Keywords in Portuguese
Aços bifásicos
Caracterização microestrutural
Difração de elétrons retroespalhados
Soldagem a laser
Transformação de fase
Abstract in Portuguese
O desenvolvimento dos veículos atuais vem sendo impulsionado pela necessidade de redução de massa associada com o aumento da segurança para os passageiros. Na procura de novos materiais e processos para atender estas exigências, os aços bifásicos ferrítico-martensíticos ou DP vêm se destacando entre os aços avançados de alta resistência (AHSS), por apresentar elevada resistência mecânica e boa ductilidade. Da mesma forma, a soldagem a laser vem se mostrando promissora para junção desta classe de materiais. Este processo permite unir os aços DP com boa qualidade metalúrgica sem significativas distorções dimensionais. Embora os aços DP apresentem boa soldabilidade, um amolecimento localizado na zona afetada pelo calor (ZAC) também é observado, especialmente no aço DP1000, que apresenta elevada fração de martensita. Desta forma, esta Tese propõe a soldagem a laser do aço DP1000 de espessura 1,80 mm, seguida de uma sistemática caracterização microestrutural, visando a produção de juntas soldadas suficientemente resistentes. Para isto, foram produzidos cordões numa chapa de aço DP1000, variando a potência nominal de soldagem entre 0,4 e 2,0 kW e a velocidade de soldagem entre 20 e 150 mm/s. A caracterização microestrutural foi conduzida com o auxílio das técnicas de microscopia óptica (MO), microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), difração de raios X (DRX) e difração de elétrons retroespalhados (EBSD). As juntas soldadas mais representativas foram submetidas a ensaios de dureza Vickers e tração uniaxial. Os resultados mostram que é possível produzir juntas soldadas resistentes no aço DP1000. Todavia, é fundamental que a combinação de parâmetros gere soldas com penetração total e mínima largura de ZAC, limitando a quantidade de amolecimento da martensita prévia e a fração volumétrica de austenita retida. Na presente Tese, os melhores resultados foram obtidos para uma potência de 2,0 kW e velocidade de 150 mm/s.
Title in English
Laser beam welding and microstructural characterization of advanced high strength steel DP1000
Keywords in English
Dual-phase steels
Electron backscattered diffraction
Laser beam welding
Microstructural characterization
Phase transformation
Abstract in English
The development of modern vehicles has been driven by the need of mass reduction associated with the increase of the safety of passengers. In the search for new materials and processes to meet these requirements, ferritic-martensitic dual-phase (DP) steels are potential candidates among advanced high-strength steels (AHSS), because of their high mechanical strength and good ductility. In that sense, laser beam welding has been shown promising for joining this class of materials. This process allows joining DP steels with good metallurgical quality without large dimensional distortions. Although DP steels show good weldability, a localized softening in the heat affected zone (HAZ) is also observed, especially in DP1000 steel which contains large amounts of martensite. Thus, laser beam welding has been performed in DP1000 steel with thickness of 1.80 mm, followed by a systematic microstructural characterization, aiming at the production of resistant welded joints. For this, bead-on-plate welds were carried out in DP1000 steel, varying the welding power between 0.4 and 2.0 kW and the welding speed between 20 and 150 mm/s. The microstructural characterization was conducted with the aid of light optical microscopy (LOM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD). The most representative welded joints were tested for Vickers hardness and uniaxial tensile test. Results show that it is possible to produce sound and resistant welded joints in DP1000 steel. However, it is critical that the combination of parameters allows the obtainment of welds with full penetration and minimum HAZ width, limiting the amount of softening of prior martensite and the volume fraction of retained austenite. In the present Thesis, this was achieved using a power of 2.0 kW and a welding speed of 150 mm/s.
 
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Publishing Date
2018-12-04
 
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