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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.91.2009.tde-13102009-135502
Document
Author
Full name
Acácio Aparecido Navarrete
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Piracicaba, 2009
Supervisor
Committee
Mui, Tsai Siu (President)
Moreira, Fatima Maria de Souza
Pellizari, Vivian Helena
Title in Portuguese
Estrutura e diversidade de comunidades microbianas em solos sob diferentes sistemas de uso da terra na Amazônia Ocidental
Keywords in Portuguese
DNA
Ecologia microbiana - Técnicas moleculares
Ecologia molecular
Genes
Microbiologia do solo
Uso do solo - Amazônia Ocidental.
Abstract in Portuguese
O presente trabalho esteve inserido em um projeto mais amplo de cooperação internacional intitulado Conservation and Sustainable Management of Below-Ground Biodiversity CSMBGBD/ BiosBrasil, implementado pela United Nations Environment Programmer (UNEP) na bacia do Alto Solimões, Amazônia Ocidental, estado do Amazonas. Esta região é território remanescente de povos indígenas e permanece conservada, sendo um importante hotspot de biodiversidade. Ainda assim, as áreas de estudo foram caracterizadas por paisagens antropizadas com diferentes sistemas de usos da terra. Amostras de solos foram coletadas em um período de elevado índice pluviométrico, nos anos de 2008 e 2009, em áreas caracterizadas por floresta primária tropical, cultivos semiperenes de mandioca manejados por prática agrícola de corte-equeima, pastagens implantadas nos anos de 1970 e áreas florestais em estádios avançados de regeneração (>10 anos de abandono). As amostras foram analisadas pelas técnicas de DGGE, ARISA, clonagem e sequenciamento a fim de obter uma caracterização das estruturas de comunidades de Archaea, Bacteria e microfungos e da composição e diversidade de um grupo funcional de Archaea envolvido no processo de oxidação de amônia nos ambientes do solo. Os resultados permitiram concluir que o uso da terra tem um grande efeito sobre as estruturas de comunidades de Archaea, Bacteria e microfungos presentes no solo e sugerem que longo período de abandono das áreas é necessário para cumprir com a resiliência dos ecossistemas amazônicos no contexto de recomposição da paisagem. Adicionalmente, os dados revelaram que a riqueza e a diversidade de comunidades de Archaea oxidadoras de amônia foram capazes de refletir sensivelmente as alterações percebidas nos ambientes do solo em decorrência do desmatamento de áreas de floresta primária e uso subsequente com cultivo agrícola tradicional e pastagem na região do Alto Solimões, Amazônia Ocidental.
Title in English
Soil microbial community structure and diversity under different land use systems in Western Amazon
Keywords in English
DNA
Genes
Microbial ecology Molecular techniques
Molecular ecology
Soil microbiology
Western Amazon.
Abstract in English
The present study was part of a wider project of international cooperation entitled Conservation and Sustainable Management of Below-Ground Biodiversity CSMBGBD/ BiosBrasil, established by the United Nations Environment Programmer (UNEP) at the basin of Alto Solimões, Western Amazon, Amazonas State. This region is a remanescent territory of indigenous people and remains conserved, being considered an important hotspot of biodiversity. Even though, the studied areas were characterized by mosaic landscapes under different land use systems. Soil samples were collected in a period of high pluviometric index in the years 2008 and 2009 in areas characterized by tropical rainforest, semi permanent manioc cultivation under agricultural management of slash-and-burn, pasture established in the 1970s and forested areas at a higher stage of regeneration (>10 years abandoned). The samples were analyzed by DGGE, ARISA techniques, cloning and sequencing in order to obtain a characterization of the community structure of Archaea, Bacteria and microfungi and the composition and diversity of an archaeal functional group involved in the process of ammonia oxidation in the soil environments. The results allowed to conclude that land use has a great effect on the community structure of Archaea, Bacteria and microfungi present in the soil and suggest that long period of abandon of the areas is necessary to accomplish with the resilience of Amazonian ecosystems in the context of landscape recomposition. Additionally, the data revealed that richness and community diversity of ammonia oxidizing Archaea were able to sensitively reflect the changes observed in the soil environment due to deforestation of rainforest areas and subsequent use with traditional agriculture cultivation and pasture in the region of Alto Solimões, Western Amazon.
 
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Acacio_Navarrete.pdf (5.85 Mbytes)
Publishing Date
2009-10-20
 
WARNING: The material described below relates to works resulting from this thesis or dissertation. The contents of these works are the author's responsibility.
  • NAVARRETE, Acácio Aparecido, et al. A Molecular Survey of the Diversity of Microbial Communities in Different Amazonian Agricultural... Diversity, 2010, vol. 2, p. 787-809.
  • NAVARRETE, Acácio Aparecido, et al. Land-use systems affect archaeal community structure and functional diversity in Western Amazon soil. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 2011, vol. 35, n. 5, p. 1527-1540.
  • NAVARRETE, Acácio Aparecido, et al. Molecular microbial ecology and conservation: A Molecular approach. In DE ARAUJO, Ademir Sergio Ferreira, and FIGUEIREDO, Márcia do Vale Barreto. Microbial Ecology of Tropical Soils. 1 ed.. New York : Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2011. chap. 5. p. 71-94.
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