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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.9.2006.tde-25082008-101633
Document
Author
Full name
Adriana Bugno
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2006
Supervisor
Committee
Pinto, Terezinha de Jesus Andreoli (President)
Kaneko, Telma Mary
Sabino, Myrna
Salgado, Hérida Regina Nunes
Taniwaki, Marta Hiromi
Title in Portuguese
Drogas vegetais: avaliação da contaminação microbiana e pesquisa de aflatoxinas, ocratoxina A e citrinina
Keywords in Portuguese
Controle biológico de qualidade dos medicamentos
Droga vegetal
Fungo toxigênico
Micotoxinas
Microbiologia
Abstract in Portuguese
O aumento da demanda, a falta de fiscalização sanitária efetiva e de especificações adequadas para verificar a qualidade de drogas vegetais são fatores que contribuem para o acesso a produtos sem garantia da qualidade e segurança. Embora sejam consideradas seguras por sua origem natural, as drogas vegetais apresentam elevadas cargas microbianas e podem oferecer riscos potenciais aos usuários, tanto pela presença de microrganismos potencialmente patogênicos, quanto pela contaminação com toxinas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a contaminação microbiana presente em 91 amostras de drogas vegetais, o potencial toxigênico de fungos isolados e a presença de aflatoxinas, ocratoxina A e citrinina nestas amostras. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que 73,6% das amostras apresentaram populações microbianas superiores a 2X103 UFC de bactérias aeróbias/g e 2X102 UFC de bolores e leveduras/g e que 81,3% apresentaram ao menos um dos microrganismos considerados indicadores de risco. Com relação à contaminação fúngica, observou-se o predomínio dos gêneros Aspergillus e Penicillium, sendo que a análise micotoxicológica revelou que 21,49% apresentaram capacidade para produção de aflatoxinas, ocratoxina A e citrinina. Apesar de fungos toxigênicos terem sido detectados em 35 amostras de drogas vegetais, a análise micotoxicológica, realizada conforme Farmacopéia Americana, não revelou a presença de aflatoxinas, ocratoxina A e citrinina em nenhuma das amostras de drogas vegetais, indicando que os microrganismos podem não terem sido submetidos a condições favoráveis à expressão de sua capacidade toxigênica.
Title in English
Herbal drugs: evaluation of the microbial contamination and presence of aflatoxins, ochratoxin A and citrinin
Keywords in English
Herbal
Medicine: quality control
Microbiology
Mycotoxin
Toxigenic mold
Abstract in English
The increase in the demand, the lack of effective sanitary fiscalization and adjusted specifications to verify the quality of crude herbal drugs are factors that contribute for accessing products without guarantee of the quality and safety. Although they are considered safe by their natural origin, herbal drugs present high microbial loads and can offer potential risks to the users, as much for the presence of potencially pathogenic microorganisms, how much for the contamination with toxins. The goal of this study was evaluated the microbial contamination present in 91 samples of crude herbal drugs, the toxigenic potencial of fungal isolates and the presence of aflatoxins, ochratoxin A and citrinin in these samples. The obtained results demonstrated 73.6% of the samples presented microbial populations higher than 2X103 CFU of aerobic bacteria/g and 2X102 CFU of yeast and molds/g and 81.3% presented at least one of the microorganisms considered as risk indicators. With regard to the fungal contamination, the Aspergillus and Penicillium genera were predominant and the mycotoxicological analysis revealed that 21.49% of these isolates presented ability for aflatoxins, ochratoxin A and citrinin production. Although toxigenic fungi have been detected in 35 samples of herbal drugs, the mycotoxicological analysis, carried through as The United States Pharmacopeia, showed no detection of aflatoxins, ochratoxin A or citrinin in any samples of herbal drugs, indicating that these fungi can not have been submitted a favorable conditions to the expression of their toxigenic ability.
 
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CAPITULO_I.pdf (507.58 Kbytes)
CAPITULO_III.pdf (64.47 Kbytes)
CAPITULO_II_A.pdf (60.86 Kbytes)
CAPITULO_II_B.pdf (154.93 Kbytes)
CAPITULO_II_C.pdf (249.03 Kbytes)
CAPITULO_IV.pdf (155.41 Kbytes)
CAPITULO_V.pdf (390.49 Kbytes)
Publishing Date
2008-08-29
 
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