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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.9.2016.tde-19052016-150855
Document
Author
Full name
Agnieszka Katarzyna Rajca Ferreira
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2016
Supervisor
Committee
Moreno, Paulo Roberto Hrihorowitsch (President)
Ferreira, Marcelo José Pena
Kaneko, Telma Mary
Suffredini, Ivana Barbosa
Young, Maria Claudia Marx
Title in Portuguese
Análise química e atividades biológicas de Guatteria elliptica R. E. Fries (Annonaceae)
Keywords in Portuguese
Alcaloides
Análise química
Annonaceae
Atividades biológicas
Guatteria elliptica
Abstract in Portuguese
A espécie endêmica G. elliptica R. E. Fries não apresentava estudos fitoquímicos e biológicos detalhados na literatura. Assim, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a composição química e as propriedades biológicas dos óleos essenciais, extratos brutos, alcaloides totais, tortas, frações das tortas, amostras isoladas dessa espécie. O material vegetal foi coletado em Paranapiacaba (Santo André, SP, Brasil). O óleo essencial extraído das folhas por destilação à vapor apresentou um rendimento de 0,2%. A análise histológica das folhas encontrou óleo em células oleíferas localizadas no parênquima esponjoso. A composição do óleo (CG-EM) indicou espatulenol e óxido de cariofileno como compostos majoritários. Os alcaloides totais foram obtidos dos extratos brutos das folhas e dos galhos e analisados por CG-EM, identificando quatro aporfinas (nornuciferina, estefarina, corituberina e asimilobina) e duas protoberberinas (discretamina e caseadina). Os alcaloides totais foram fracionados em coluna cromatográfica ou por Extração em Fase Sólida e purificados por cromatografia em camada preparativa, originando duas amostras (Amostra 9 e 10). Na Amostra 9, foram identificados dois alcaloides aporfinicos nornuciferina e asimilobina (CG-EM e RMN-1H). Na Amostra 10, foram identificados (LC-EM/EM) cinco alcaloides aporfínicos (desidronantenina, glaunidina, liriodenina, N-óxido de oliverina e telikovina) e um alcaloide protoberberínico (caseadina). Caseadina, glaunidina, N-óxido de oliverina e telikovina não foram previamente identificados em Guatteria. Os resíduos dos extratos brutos livres de alcaloides foram fracionados pelo método de partição com solventes de polaridade crescente. Os extratos brutos e as frações acetato de etila e butanólicas de folhas e galhos apresentaram flavonoides (NP-PEG). Nos ensaios biológicos, a melhor atividade antioxidante (sequestro do radical DPPH) foi encontrada para a fração clorofórmica dos galhos (EC50=24,25±1,14 µg/mL) e a torta dos galhos (EC50=26,23±4,20 µg/mL). No ensaio antimicrobiano pelo método turbidimétrico a atividade mais importante foi obtida contra Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) para os alcaloides totais dos galhos (CIM/CBM=0,12±0,01/0,26 mg/mL) e das folhas (CIM/CBM=0,21±0,01/0,28 mg/mL), e fração hexânica das folhas (CIM/CBM=0,24±0,02/>1 mg/mL). Uma alta atividade antitumoral foi observada frente a células humanas de mama (MCF-7) para Amostra 10 (IC50=2,28±0,18 µg/mL), fração de acetato de etila das folhas (IC50=4,47±0,40 µg/mL), óleo essencial (IC50=7,01±0,23 µg/mL) e os alcaloides totais das folhas (IC50=9,32±0,36 µg/mL). Para as células de próstata (PC-3), foi encontrada atividade para a Amostra 10 (IC50=1,37±0,36 µg/mL) e o óleo essencial (IC50=5,32±0,35 µg/mL). A futura aplicação dos extratos e frações de G. elliptica como um agente antitumoral parece ser segura, pois mantiveram uma viabilidade celular maior do que 90% no ensaio de citotoxicidade com culturas de fibroblasto murino (BALB/c 3T3, ATCC CCL-163) nas concentrações onde a atividade antitumoral foi promissora (<30 µg/mL) contra MCF-7 e/ou PC-3.
Title in English
Chemical analysis and biological activities of Guatteria elliptica R. E. Fries (Annonaceae).
Keywords in English
Alkaloids
Annonaceae
Biological activities
Chemical analysis
Guatteria elliptica
Abstract in English
The endemic species G. elliptica R. E. Fries had not yet been thouroughly investigated phytochemically and biologically. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluated the chemical and biological properties of the G. elliptica essential oils, crude extracts, alcaloid-free extracts, total alcaloids, fractions and isolated samples. The plant material was collected in Paranapiacaba (Santo Andre, SP, Brazil). The leaves essential oil, was obtained by hydrodestillation with a yield of 0.2%. In the leaves, the oil was found in secretory cells, located in the spongy parenchyma. The oil analysis (GC-MS) identified spathulenol and caryophyllene oxide as major compounds. The total alkaloids were extracted from the leaves and branches crude extracts and analysed by GC-MS, identifying four aporphines (nornuciferine, stepharine, corytuberine, assimilobine) and two protoberberines (discretamine and caseadine). Total alkaloids were fractionated by column chromatography or solid phase extraction and purified by preparative thin layer chromatography affording two samples (Sample 9 and 10). In Sample 9, two aporphin alkaloids were found and identified (GC-MS and 1H-NMR) as nornurciferine and assimilobine. In Sample 10, were identified (LC-MS/MS) five aporphin alkaloids (dehydronantenine, glaunidine, liriodenine, N-oliverine oxide and telikovine) and one protoberberine alkaloid (caseadine). Caseadine, glaunidine, oliverine N-oxide and telkovine were not previously reported for Guatteria. The alkaloids-free extracts were fractionated using the increasing polarity solvents. Concerning the biological activities, the highest antioxidant activity (DPPH scavenging) was reported for the branches chloroform fraction (EC50=24.25±1.14 µg/mL) and (EC50=26.23±4.20 µg/mL) alkaloid-free extract. In the turbimetric antimicrobial assay against, the most important activity was found against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) for the total alkaloids from branches (MIC/MBC=0.12±0.01/0.26 mg/mL) and leaves (MIC/MBC=0.21±0.01/0.28 mg/mL) and for the leaves hexane fraction (MIC/MBC=0.24±0.02/>1 mg/mL). The highest antitumor activity against human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) was observed for Sample 10 (IC50=2.28±0.18 µg/mL), leaves ethyl acetate fraction (IC50=4.47±0.40 µg/mL), essential oil (IC50=7.01±0.23 µg/mL) and leaves total alkaloids (IC50=9.32±0.36 µg/mL). For the prostate cancer cell line (PC-3), the most active samples were Sample 10 (IC50=1.37±0.36 µg/mL) and the essential oil (IC50=5.32±0.35 µg/mL). The future application of G. elliptica extracts and fractions as an antitumor agent appears to be safe, because cell viability remained higher than 90% in the cytotoxicity assay with murine fibroblast cultures (BALB/c 3T3, ATCC CCL-163), in the concentration range where the best antitumor activity (<30 µg/mL) against MCF-7 and PC-3 was found.
 
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Publishing Date
2016-06-16
 
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