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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.9.2006.tde-21092006-012549
Document
Author
Full name
Haissa Roberta Cardarelli
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2006
Supervisor
Committee
Saad, Susana Marta Isay (President)
Castro, Inar Alves de
Dender, Ariene Gimenes Fernandes Van
Franco, Bernadette Dora Gombossy de Melo
Penna, Ana Lúcia Barreto
Title in Portuguese
Desenvolvimento de queijo 'petit-suisse' simbiótico
Keywords in Portuguese
Alimento funcional
Prebióticos
Probióticos
Queijo petit-suisse
Simbióticos
Abstract in Portuguese
A associação de ingredientes prebióticos com microrganismos probióticos na elaboração de produtos lácteos pode resultar na obtenção de produtos simbióticos, com os efeitos benéficos dos probióticos, aliado ao estímulo seletivo das bifidobactérias endógenas do cólon. Objetivou-se desenvolver um queijo petit-suisse simbiótico, suplementado com os probióticos Lactobacillus acidophilus e Bifidobacterium lactis e os prebióticos inulina, oligofrutose e mel; avaliar a viabilidade dos probióticos e do starter, a concentração de frutanos, a aceitabilidade sensorial e parâmetros físico-químicos durante o seu armazenamento a 4±1°C por até 28 dias; otimizar as misturas envolvendo os prebióticos, garantindo a boa viabilidade probiótica e o potencial efeito prebiótico, associados a características tecnológicas e sensoriais satisfatórias. Para esse fim, foram desenvolvidas formulações de queijo petit-suisse, com Lactobacillus acidophilus e Bifidobacterium lactis, utilizando Streptococcus thermophilus como starter, conforme o delineamento da superfície de resposta para misturas com três fatores: oligofrutose, inulina e mel. Os fatores foram combinados em diferentes proporções, de modo a obter 10% da formulação final, totalizando 7 ensaios e um controle (T1 a T8). As populações dos probióticos estiveram sempre superiores ao recomendado para a promoção dos efeitos benéficos, tendo variado de 7,20 a 7,69 log ufc g-1 (B. lactis) e de 6,08 a 6,99 log ufc g-1 (L. acidophilus). Os valores de pH decresceram e de acidez cresceram ao longo do tempo, devido à atividade dos microrganismos acidificantes presentes, tendo diferido significativamente entre os ensaios (p<0,05). A umidade permaneceu estável e diferiu significativamente entre os ensaios (p<0,05). O ingrediente que mais afetou a textura instrumental foi a inulina, fornecendo produtos mais firmes, mais coesos e com adesividade e gomosidade maiores. Oligofrutose e mel, como ingredientes únicos, produziram queijo petit-suisse com menor firmeza, adesividade e gomosidade, parâmetros estes correlacionados negativamente com o pH nos diferentes produtos estudados, ao contrário do que ocorreu com a coesividade. Os ensaios não diferiram significativamente quanto à aceitabilidade sensorial com painel de consumidores, exceto aos 28 dias de armazenamento (p<0,05). Aqueles contendo oligofrutose (T1) e oligofrutose mais inulina (T4) foram os mais bem aceitos, enquanto o controle (T8) foi o menos aceito. Todos os resultados ficaram entre "gostei ligeiramente" e "gostei moderadamente". A aceitabilidade foi crescente durante o armazenamento, significativamente (p<0,05) apenas para os ensaios que continham oligofrutose ou inulina sozinhos e sua combinação. Os atributos mais citados pelos consumidores foram o sabor - mais preferido nos ensaios T1 (oligofrutose), T3 (mel) e T5 (oligofrutose mais mel) e menos preferido no T8 (controle), e a textura, sempre menos preferida, em virtude de "arenosidade". Todas as combinações dos ensaios estudadas, exceto o T3 (mel), podem ser consideradas prebióticas, partindo-se da recomendação de 4 a 5 g dia-1 de frutanos e com uma porção diária de 100 g de queijo petit-suisse. A Metodologia da Superfície de Resposta aplicada para otimizar a viabilidade dos probióticos, a firmeza instrumental, o teor de frutanos e o custo, resultou na mistura ótima contendo 25% de oligofrutose, 70% de inulina e 5% de mel e desejabilidade global de 99,55%.
Title in English
Development of a synbiotic 'petit-suisse' cheese
Keywords in English
Functional food
Petit-suisse cheese
Prebiotics
Probiotics
Synbiotics
Abstract in English
Due to the potential synergy between probiotics and prebiotics, dairy products containing a combination of these ingredients are often referred to as synbiotic, providing the beneficial effects of the probiotics combined with the effect of selectively stimulating the growth and/or activity of bifidobacterium in the colon. The purpose of this study was to develop a synbiotic petit-suisse cheese, supplemented with the probiotics Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis and the prebiotics inulin, oligofructose and honey; to monitor the viability of the probiotics and the starter, the concentration of fructans, and also the sensory acceptance and physico-chemical parameters during refrigerated storage (4±1°C) for up to 28 days; to optimize the mixtures involving the prebiotic ingredients, in order to guarantee good probiotic viability and potential prebiotic effects, together with to satisfactory technological and sensory properties. The formulations were developed according to the surface response methodology for mixtures including three factors: oligofructose, inulin and honey. The prebiotics were combined in different proportions (to achieve 10% of total mixture), and 7 trials plus a control trial were obtained (T1 to T8). Probiotic populations were always above the minimum counts suggested for providing health benefits, and varied from 7.20 up to 7.69 log cfu g-1 (B. lactis) and from 6.08 up to 6.99 log cfu g-1 (L. acidophilus). The pH values decreased and the acidity values increased significantly during storage, and were statistically different in the various trials (P<0.05), due to the acidifying effect of the organisms present. The moisture remained stable during storage and also varied statistically in the trials (P<0.05). Instrumental texture profile was greatly influenced by inulin, resulting in firmer, more cohesive and adhesive products, and with higher gumminess. Oligofructose and honey added as sole ingredients produced a less firm, adhesive and gummy cheese. The pH influenced the instrumental firmness, adhesiveness and gumminess negatively, and cohesiveness positively. There was no significant difference in sensory acceptance for the consumer panel between the different trials, except after 28 days of storage (P<0.05). The acceptance was significantly higher for cheeses supplemented with oligofructose (T1) and oligofructose plus inulin (T4), whereas the control (T8) was less accepted. The results always ranged from like slightly to like moderately. Acceptability increased during storage, though significantly (P<0.05) only for cheeses supplemented with oligofructose and/or inulin. Taste was the most preferred attribute for trials T1 (oligofructose), T3 (honey), and T5 (oligofructose plus honey) and less preferred for T8 (control). Texture attribute was always the least preferred, due to the "dust" present. All cheese trials, except T3 (honey), can be considered prebiotic, according to the recommended ingestion of 4 to 5 g day -1 of fructans for a 100g daily portion. The response surface methodology, applied to optimize probiotic viability, instrumental firmness, fructans content and cost, resulted in an optimum mixture containing 25% oligofructose, 70% inulin and 5% honey and global desirability of 99.55%.
 
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Publishing Date
2007-02-15
 
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