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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.9.2016.tde-04082016-094556
Document
Author
Full name
Juliana Cajado Souza Carvalho
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2016
Supervisor
Committee
Oliveira, Ricardo Pinheiro de Souza (President)
Efraim, Priscila
Romoff, Paulete
Tenuta Filho, Alfredo
Title in Portuguese
Desenvolvimento de chocolates ao leite com propriedades funcionais acrescidos de folhas de Brassica oleracea (couve) e frutos de Vitis vinífera (uva)
Keywords in Portuguese
Antioxidantes
Chocolate
Couve
Uva
Abstract in Portuguese
Dietas ricas em vegetais são fontes de antioxidantes, importantes agentes que auxiliam na prevenção do envelhecimento precoce. O cacau, matéria prima base para a produção de chocolates é considerado rica fonte de antioxidante. Entretanto, o chocolate do tipo ao leite, que possui menor quantidade de cacau e, portanto, menor ação antioxidante, é o mais consumido no Brasil. O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de desenvolver formulações de chocolates ao leite com propriedades funcionais. Para tal, foram produzidas três diferentes variações de chocolate: ao leite (controle), ao leite adicionados de folhas de couve e ao leite adicionados de frutos de videira. Os chocolates fabricados foram avaliados por suas características físicas, físico químicas, sensoriais e quanto ao potencial antirradicalar. Como resultado, observou-se que o teor de umidade do chocolate ao leite e a atividade de água não se modificaram com a adição dos produtos liofilizados. Encontrou-se no chocolate com couve, aumento de 9% no teor de fibras e 6% no conteúdo mineral. Foi encontrada diferença nas propriedades físicas do chocolate com uva, como viscosidade Casson (0,76±0,04 Pa.s), dureza (43,77±2,05 N), tensão inicial Casson (12,9±3,35 Pa) e tamanho de partícula (37,8±1,13 µm). A avaliação sensorial registrou alta aceitabilidade dos produtos e a percepção de diferentes texturas nos chocolates. O perfil do potencial atioxidante sugere que não houve aumento da capacidade antirradicalar com a adição de couve e uva, porém a análise do perfil cromatográfico de fenólicos levanta a hipótese de que alguns compostos foram transferidos para os chocolates com adição de couve e de uva. Conclui-se que foi possível agregar propriedades funcionais no chocolate ao leite.
Title in English
Development of milk chocolates with functional properties with leaves from Brassica Oleracea (kale) and fruits of Vitis Vinifera (grape).
Keywords in English
Antioxidants
Chocolate
Grape
Kale
Abstract in English
Nowadays, it is known that a diet rich in vegetables is a source of antioxidants which help in the prevention of premature ageing. Studies on cocoa indicate that this raw material, essential in the production of chocolate, is a rich source of antioxidants. However, milk chocolate, which contains less cocoa and less antioxidant activity, is the most consumed type in Brazil. The aim of this study was to develop milk chocolate formulations with antioxidant properties. As such, three kinds of chocolate were produced: with added kale leaves, with added grapes and the control, normal milk chocolate. The chocolates produced were evaluated on their physical characteristics, physical-chemistry and antioxidant potential. It was found that the moisture content and the water activity did not change with the addition of lyophilized materials. The addition of kale increased 9% of fibers content and 6% of mineral content. It was found that the greatest change in physical properties was with added grape, such as viscosity (0,76±0,04 Pa.s), texture (43,77±2,05 N), yield value (12,9±3,35 Pa) and particle size (37,8±1,13 µm). The sensorial analysis resulted in high acceptability of the products and in the differences of perception in texture between the three kinds of chocolates. The antioxidant profile suggest that there was no occurrence of increases in antioxidant capacity with the addition of kale and grape, but the chromatography profile of phenolic compounds raises the hypothesis that some phenolic compounds were transferred to the chocolates after the addition. It was found that it is possible to aggregate functional properties of milk chocolate.
 
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Publishing Date
2016-08-16
 
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