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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.9.2015.tde-29092015-133025
Document
Author
Full name
Fabiana Andréa Hoffmann Sardá
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2015
Supervisor
Committee
Menezes, Elizabete Wenzel de (President)
Morais, Mauro Batista de
Neves, Carla Taddei de Castro
Vivolo, Sandra Roberta Gouvea Ferreira
Waitzberg, Dan Linetzky
Title in Portuguese
Farinha de banana verde: efeitos fisiológicos do consumo regular sobre a fome/saciedade e microbiota intestinal em voluntários saudáveis
Keywords in Portuguese
Alimentos funcionais
Amido resistente
Hormônios gastrintestinais
Ingrediente funcional
Microbiota
Sequenciamento de alta performance
Abstract in Portuguese
Estudos com farinha de banana verde (FBV), rica em amido resistente, mostram efeitos positivos sobre a saciedade, resposta glicêmica e melhora do funcionamento intestinal. Entretanto, pouco se sabe sobre a capacidade da FBV em estimular seletivamente o crescimento e/ou atividades de microbiota intestinal benéfica e os efeitos fisiológicos do consumo habitual. No presente trabalho foi investigado o efeito da ingestão regular e descontinuada de FBV sobre a microbiota intestinal em voluntários saudáveis, bem como as interações com hormônios relacionados à fome e saciedade, funcionamento intestinal e homeostase da glicose. Para tanto foi realizado estudo de intervenção, duplo cego paralelo controlado com placebo, no qual voluntários saudáveis consumiram FBV ou maltodextrina, veiculadas através de sopa prontas congeladas, três vezes por semana e durante seis semanas. Os resultados evidenciaram que a FBV pode aumentar a saciedade, promover redução no aporte energético de refeições subsequentes (14%) e melhorar o funcionamento intestinal. Ao mesmo tempo reduz a secreção plasmática de insulina no jejum e o Índice HOMA2-RI em 20%, sinalizando aumento na sensibilidade à insulina. A análise da microbiota intestinal utilizando o rDNA 16S mostrou que existem dois grupos distintos de indivíduos, os quais respondem diferentemente ao consumo de FBV. O consumo de FBV por voluntários, cujo microbioma era mais abundante no gênero Prevotella, apresentou aumento de genes envolvidos em vias metabólicas relacionadas à degradação anaeróbia de carboidratos (794 Kegg orthologs, FDR=0,05), como as vias do metabolismo de amido e glicose, do butirato, propionato. Paralelamente outros genes indicaram redução de algumas vias metabólicas, incluindo a biossíntese de lipopolissacarídeos. Este mesmo grupo de voluntários apresentou gêneros microbianos positivamente relacionados com conteúdo de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta (AGCC), em padrão distinto do outro grupo de voluntários que consumiu FBV e do grupo Controle. Foi possível demonstrar que o consumo de FBV pode promover a modulação do microbioma em indivíduos saudáveis com enterótipos distintos, trazendo efeitos benéficos para a saúde humana.
Title in English
Unripe banana flour: physiological effects of regular consumption on hunger/satiety and intestinal microbiota in healthy volunteers
Keywords in English
Functional foods
Functional ingredient
Gastrointestinal hormones
High-throughput sequencing
Microbiota
Resistant starch
Abstract in English
Studies with Unripe Banana Flour, rich in resistant starch, shave shown positive effects on satiety, glycemic response and improved intestinal function. Nevertheless, little is known about its capacity to selectively stimulate the intestinal microbiota's activity, or the physiological effects of its habitual consumption. This study investigated the effects of the regular, discontinued ingestion of UBF on the intestinal microbiome in healthy volunteers, as well as effects on hormones related to satiety, intestinal function and glucose homeostasis. To achieve these goals, a double blind, parallel, placebo controlled study was designed, in which healthy volunteers ingested UBF or maltodextrin added to a standardized frozen soup meal, 3 times a week for 6 weeks. The results showed that UBF can improve satiety, promote a reduction in energy intake at subsequent meals (14%) and improve intestinal function. At the same time, it reduces plasmatic secretion of fasting insulin and e the HOMA2-RI index by 20%, signaling an increase in insulin sensitivity. The analysis of the microbiome using the 16S rDNA gene showed that there are two clusters of individuals, which respond differently to the dietary intervention. The UBF consumption by volunteers with a Prevotella dominant microbiome showed an increase in genes related to anaerobic carbohydrate degradation (794 Kegg orthologs, FDR=0,05), such as members of the starch and glucose metabolism, propanoate metabolism and butyrate metabolism. At the same time, other genes were reduced, including the biosynthesis of lipopolysaccharides. The same volunteers presented several microbial groups positively correlated with the short chain fatty acids (SCFA) present in the fecal samples analyzed. This was a distinct pattern to that observed for the remaining volunteers. We demonstrated that the consumption of UBF can promote the overall health of the human host as well as the modulation of the intestinal microbiome in healthy individuals and that this effect is dependent on the enterotype present.
 
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Publishing Date
2015-11-10
 
WARNING: The material described below relates to works resulting from this thesis or dissertation. The contents of these works are the author's responsibility.
  • DE MENEZES, ELIZABETE WENZEL, et al. Codex dietary fibre definition - Justification for inclusion of carbohydrates from 3 to 9 degrees of polymerisation [doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.02.075]. Food Chemistry [online], 2013, vol. 140, p. 581-585.
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