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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.9.2017.tde-06072017-120920
Document
Author
Full name
Janaina Aparecida Mainardi
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2007
Supervisor
Committee
Lajolo, Franco Maria (President)
Figueira, Antonio Vargas de Oliveira
Jacomino, Angelo Pedro
Labate, Carlos Alberto
Purgatto, Eduardo
Title in Portuguese
O efeito do 1-metilciclopropeno sobre metabolismo de carboidratos de bananas (Musa acuminata AAA cv. Nanicão)
Keywords in Portuguese
1-metilciclopropeno
Banana (Metabolismo; Estudo)
Bioquímica de alimentos
Carboidratos (Metabolismo; Estudo)
Degradação de amido
Enzimas
Etileno
Abstract in Portuguese
A banana é um fruto climatérico que apresenta alta taxa respiratória e alta produção de etileno após a colheita, o que a torna altamente perecível. Acredita-se que o 1-MCP é capaz de ligar-se ao receptor do hormônio etileno, bloqueando sua ação e, consequentemente, retardando o amadurecimento do fruto. Bananas (Musa acuminata AAA cv. Nanicão) com aproximadamente 110 dias pós-antese foram armazenadas em condições controladas de umidade e temperatura. Parte da amostra foi tratada com 1-MCP (100 nl/L), outra parte foi tratada com etileno (100 ppm - 7L/min), e, uma terceira parte, foi mantida como controle. Os frutos foram caracterizados, durante o período de amadurecimento, em relação à produção de etileno e CO2 (por cromatografia à gás), à concentração de amido (pelo método enzimático descrito por Cordenunsi e Lajolo 1995) e açúcares (glicose, frutose, sacarose e maltose - por HPLC-PAD). Também foram analisados os comportamentos das enzimas α e β- amilases, fosforilase, DPE 1 e DPE 2 por atividade enzimática in vitro ou por P.A.G.E. nativo e, quando possível, foram avaliados os comportamentos destas enzimas frente a tradução (Western blotting) e transcrição proteica (Northern blotting). A degradação de amido, assim como a respiração, a produção de etileno e síntese de açúcares foram retardadas nos frutos tratados com o 1-MCP. Como consequência destas mudanças, também houve uma alteração nos perfis das atividades enzimáticas. Os resultados indicaram que o 1-MCP, além de atrasar o climatério respiratório, foi capaz de provocar descompasso no padrão de degradação de amido e síntese de açúcares sugerindo também que outros fatores temporais, necessários ao processo, foram prejudicados. Dentre as enzimas envolvidas no metabolismo de carboidratos de bananas, as α-amilases não demonstraram ser etileno-dependentes (?) as β-amilases mostraram ser enzimas bastante dependentes do etileno e parecem ter importância especial quando se trata do metabolismo da maltose, em conjunto com a DPE 2; atividade fosforolítica foi induzida ao longo do amadurecimento, mas parece ter resposta mais significativa a alterações basais do hormônio etileno e, portanto, sugere-se que esta enzima esteja envolvida com mais de uma forma de regulação; a DPE 1 apresentou maior atividade ao início da degradação do amido, indicando sua atuação sobre glicanos liberados pelas α-amilases. A presença de DPEs na banana torna o seu metabolismo de carboidratos mais próximo daquele presente em folhas.
Title in English
The effect of 1-methylcyclopropene on bananas (Musa acuminata AAA cv. Nanicão) carbohydrates metabolism
Keywords in English
1-methylcyclopropene
Banana (Metabolism; Study)
Carbohydrates (Metabolism; Study)
Degradation of starch
Enzymes
Ethylene
Food biochemistry
Abstract in English
Banana is a climateric fruit that has a high respiration rate and a high ethylene production after harvest, what makes this fruit very perishable. It is believe that 1- MCP is capable to interact with the hormone ethylene receptors, blocking its action and, as result, delaying the fruit ripening. Bananas (Musa acuminata AAA cv. Nanicão) with 110 days after anthesis were stored in controlled conditions of umidity and temperature. Part of the sample was treated with 1-MCP (100 nl/L), another part was treated with ethylene (100 ppm - 7L1min), and, a third part, was kept as control.The fruits were characterized, along the ripening process, based on the ethylene and CO2 production (by gas chromatography), the starch amount (enzymatic method described by Cordenunsi and Lajolo, 1995) and sugars content (glucose, fructose, sucrose and maltose - by HPLC-PAD). Enzymes behaviors were also followed α and β-amylases, phosphorylase, DPE 1 and DPE 2 by enzymatic activity (in vitro ar native P.A.G .E.) and, when it was possible, the translation (Western blotting) and protein transcription (Northern blotting) were also analyzed. The starch degradation, as well as the CO2 and ethylene production and sugars synthesis were delayed in the fruits treated with the 1-MCP. As consequence of these changes, we also had an alteration in the enzymatic activity profiles. The results indicated that the 1-MCP, besides delaying the respiratory climateric, was capable to change the standard profile of starch degradation and synthesis of sugars, suggesting that other factors, necessary to the process, were damaged. Considering the involved enzymes in the carbohydrates metabolism of bananas, the α-amylases did not demonstrated to be ethylene-dependents (?) β-amylases seem to be ethylene-dependent and seem to have special importance in the maltose metabolism, working on it with the DPE 2; phosphorolytic activity was induced along the ripening, but it seems to have more significant relation to the basal alterations of the hormone ethylene, therefore, it suggests that this enzyme is involved with more than one type of regulation; DPE 1 presented greater activity in the beginning of the starch degradation, indicating its performance on glucans released by the α-amylases activity. The presence of DPEs in bananas approximates its metabolism of carbohydrates to the leaves metabolism.
 
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Publishing Date
2017-07-06
 
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