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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.87.2009.tde-29042010-102421
Document
Author
Full name
Flavio Silva Machado
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2009
Supervisor
Committee
Gomez, José Gregorio Cabrera (President)
Barbosa, Heloiza Ramos
Biondo, Ronaldo
Title in Portuguese
Avaliação do pré-tratamento do efluente de indústria química com adição de linhagens microbianas especializadas na degradação de compostos tóxicos
Keywords in Portuguese
Bioaumentação
Biodegradação
Ecotoxicologia
Efluentes industriais
Tratamento de esgotos
Abstract in Portuguese
As indústrias químicas são consideradas como o segmento industrial que gera os efluentes mais perigosos ao meio ambiente. Em virtude das concentrações expressivas de poluentes, tanto orgânicos quanto inorgânicos, os efluentes dessas indústrias podem interferir na atividade da biomassa de estações de tratamento de efluentes (E.T.E.), diminuindo sua eficiência e gerando efluentes tratados, porém em desacordo com a legislação pertinente. Para prevenir tais efeitos, o recebimento de efluentes industriais em E.T.E.s pode ser precedido por pré-tratamento, dentre os quais, o biológico, otimizado pela adição de microrganismos com capacidade de degradar poluentes. Foram isolados microrganismos com capacidade de degradar os compostos identificados como responsáveis pela toxicidade do efluente final da E.T.E.: benzeno, clorofórmio, 1,2-dicloroetano, pentaclorofenol, tricloroeteno, tolueno e p-xileno. Foram realizados testes de bioaumentação para pré tratar o efluente industrial, que foram avaliados através de ensaios físico-químicos e de toxicidade aguda para Vibrio fischeri e Daphnia similis. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que o pré tratamento reduziu a toxicidade do efluente final da estação de tratamento.
Title in English
Evaluation of the industrial wastewater pretreatment adding microbial strains specialized in toxic compounds degradation
Keywords in English
Bioaugmentation
Biodegradation
Ecotoxicology
Industrial effluents
Wastewater treatment
Abstract in English
Chemical industries are considered the industrial sector that generates the most dangerous effluents to the environment. Due to the high pollutant concentration, either organics or inorganics, the chemical industries effluents may interferer in the biomass activity in wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), what may reduce its efficiency and generate treated effluents in disagreement to the concerned law. In order to prevent such effects, the industrial effluents disposal in WWTPs can be preceded by biological pretreatment, which can be optimized by adding microorganisms capable of pollutants degradation. Microorganism strains that are able to degrade the compounds identified as the responsible for toxicity levels in the WWTP final effluent: benzene, chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane, pentachlorophenol, trichloroethene, tolune and p-xylene were isolated. Bioaugmentation tests aiming the chemical effluent pretreatment were performed and they were evaluated through physical-chemical analysis and acute toxicity tests for Vibrio fischeri and Daphnia similis. The results showed that the industrial effluent pretreatment reduced the toxicity levels in the WWTP final effluent.
 
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Publishing Date
2010-05-19
 
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