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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.87.2012.tde-04062012-105252
Document
Author
Full name
Estela Ynés Valencia Morante
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2012
Supervisor
Committee
Marques, Marilis do Valle (President)
Ferreira, Rita de Cassia Cafe
Ho, Paulo Lee
Huenuman, Nilton Erbet Lincopan
Silva, Luiziana Ferreira da
Title in Portuguese
Estudo do sistema BlaR/Blal e de dois operons codificando sistemas de efluxo RND em Caulobacter crescentus.
Keywords in Portuguese
Ativação enzimática
Cádmio
Genética bacteriana
Regulação gênica
Zinco
Abstract in Portuguese
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo caracterizar três agrupamentos de genes da alfa proteobactéria Caulobacter crescentus envolvidos na resposta a metais e antibióticos. Analisamos o agrupamento composto pelos genes CC1637-CC1640, que contém um sistema BlaR/BlaI de transdução de sinal, e realizamos uma análise comparativa de dois sistemas de efluxo da família RND composto pelos genes CC2720-CC2725 e CC2388-CC2390 que estariam envolvidos na resposta a metais cádmio e zinco. Mutantes simples e duplos com deleção em fase foram obtidos, e o estudo da atividade promotora foi realizado através de ensaio de b-galactosidase utilizando gene repórter lacZ . Ensaios de RT-PCR e atividade b-galactosidase mostraram que o gene CC1638 provavelmente não possui promotor próprio e que os genes CC1637- CC1640 podem consituir um operon. A atividade promotora do gene CC1640 não responde a H2O2, Cd2+ e Zn2+, mas a linhagem DCC1640 apresentou baixa viabilidade na presença de Cd2+. As linhagens DCC1637 e DCC1638 mostraram sensibilidade a t-butil-hidroperóxido. A linhagem DCC1640 mostrou-se sensível aos antibióticos CTX e PPT, e ensaios de b-galactosidase em placa e em meio liquido mostraram indução da expressão pelos antibióticos CTX e CFE. Observamos uma auto-regulação do operon pela proteína codificada pelo gene CC1640 (BlaI), confirmado por ensaios de EMSA. A presença de BlaR inibe a ligação da proteína BlaI ao promotor, sugerindo que ambas BlaI/BlaR regulem em conjunto o promotor do gene CC1640. Análise in silico do consenso TTACGNNCGTAA localizado no promotor de CC1640 identificou esta sequência na região promotora de outros genes. A análise da expressão relativa sugere que os genes CC1568, CC1230 e CC2661 são regulados pela proteína BlaI, sugerindo que BlaI regula a expressão de outros genes possivelmente envolvidos na resposta a antibióticos b-lactâmicos. Ensaios de atividade b-galactosidase da região intergênica CC2720-CC2721 mostraram que esta não possui atividade promotora, e análise por RT-PCR confirmou que os genes CC2720-CC2721 são co-transcritos e que fazem parte do operon CC2720-CC2725. A expressão do operon mostrou indução significativa na presença de Cd2+, moderada indução na presença de Zn2+ e Co2+, e pouca indução na presença de Ni2+. A expressão do operon CC2388-CC2390 é altamente induzida na presença de níquel e cobalto, não é induzida por cádmio e moderadamente induzida por zinco. A linhagem DCC2724 não é sensível a zinco, cobalto ou níquel. A linhagem DCC2390 é sensível a cobalto, pouco sensível a níquel e não sensível a zinco, e ambas as linhagens foram sensíveis a cádmio. A obtenção do duplo mutante, assim como sua complementação, foram realizadas, e os resultados sugerem que se trata de dois sistemas de efluxo com diferentes respostas a metal.
Title in English
Study of the BlaR/BlaI system and two operons encoding RND efflux systems from Caulobacter crescentus.
Keywords in English
Bacterial genetics
Cadmium
Enzyme activation
Gene regulation
Zinc
Abstract in English
The aim of this work is to characterize three clusters of genes from the alpha proteobacterium Caulobacter crescentus involved in metal and antibiotics response. We analyzed the cluster comprising genes CC1637-CC1640, which contains a BlaR/BlaI signal transduction system, and we performed a comparative analysis with two RND efflux systems consisting on genes CC2720-CC2725 and CC2388-CC2390, which are probably involved in cadmium and zinc response. Mutant strains for one or two of these genes were obtained, and the study of promoter activity was performed by b-galactosidase activity assays using lacZ as reporter gene. RT-PCR and b-galactosidase activity assays revealed that the CC1638 gene probably does not possess an exclusive promoter, and that the genes CC1637-CC1640 may constitute an operon. The promoter of CC1640 does not respond to H2O2, Cd2+ and Zn2+, but the DCC1640 strain presented low viability in the presence of Cd2+. The DCC1637 and DCC1638 strains showed sensitivity to t-butyl-hydroperoxide. The DCC1640 strain showed sensitivity to the antibiotics CTX and PPT, and b-galactosidase activity assays performed both on plates and liquid medium showed induction of the expression by the presence of antibiotics CTX and CFE. We observed auto-regulation of the operon by the protein encoded by the CC1640 gene (BlaI), which was confirmed by EMSA assays. The presence of BlaR inhibits the binding of the BlaI protein to the promoter, suggesting that both BlaI/BlaR regulate the CC1640 gene promoter. In silico analyses for the TTACGNNCGTAA consensus, located on CC1640 promoter, identified this sequence in promoter regions of other genes. Relative expression analyses indicate that the genes CC1568, CC1230 and CC2661 are regulated by the BlaI protein, suggesting that BlaI regulates the expression of other genes, possibly involved in b-lactamic antibiotics response. b-galactosidase activity assays of the intergenic region CC2720-CC2721 showed that it does not possess promoter activity, and a RT-PCR analysis confirmed that the genes CC2720-CC2721 are co-transcribed and belong to the CC2720-CC2725 operon. The expression of the operon showed significant induction in the presence of Cd2+, moderate induction in the presence of Zn2+ and Co2+, and a slight induction in the presence of Ni2+. The expression of the CC2388-CC2390 operon is highly induced in the presence of nickel and cobalt, not induced by cadmium and moderately induced by zinc. The DCC2724 strain is not sensitive to zinc, cobalt or nickel. The DCC2390 strain is sensitive to cobalt, slightly sensitive to nickel and not sensitive to zinc, and both strains are sensitive to cadmium. A double mutant was constructed, as well as a complemented strain, and results suggest that these are two efflux systems with distinct metal responses.
 
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Publishing Date
2012-07-06
 
WARNING: The material described below relates to works resulting from this thesis or dissertation. The contents of these works are the author's responsibility.
  • VALENCIA, E. Y., et al. Two RND proteins involved in heavy metal efflux in Caulobacter crescentus belong to separate clusters within proteobacteria [doi:10.1186/1471-2180-13-79]. BMC Microbiology [online], 2013, vol. 13, p. 79.
  • Valença, EY, BRAZ, V. S., e MARQUES, MV. Comparação de dois sistemas de efluxo da família RND de Caulobacter crescentus. In 26º Congresso Brasileiro de Microbiologia, Foz do Iguaçu, 2011. Resumos do 26º Congresso Brasileiro de Microbiologia., 2011. Resumo.
  • VALENCIA, E. Y., Braz, Vânia S., and MARQUES, MV. Characterization of two efflux systems of the RND family from Caulobacter crescentus. In Bacteria Archaea and Phages, Cold Spring Harbor, 2012. Abstracts of the 2012 Meeting Bacteria Archaea and Phages., 2012. Abstract.
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