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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.86.2009.tde-16082010-184420
Document
Author
Full name
Victorio Enrique Oxilia Davalos
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2009
Supervisor
Committee
Sauer, Ildo Luís (President)
Florentin, Carlos Manuel Cardozo
Ghirardi, Andre Garcez
Gonçalves Junior, Dorival
Grespan, Jorge Luis da Silva
Title in Portuguese
Raízes socioeconomicas da integração energética na América do Sul: análise dos projetos Itaipu, Gasbol e Gasandes
Keywords in Portuguese
América do Sul - Energia
Gasandes
Gasbol
Integração energética
Itaipu
Abstract in Portuguese
Este trabalho trata da análise de projetos de integração energética na América do Sul, em particular da área do MERCOSUL e dos países associados Bolívia e Chile. Com este trabalho busca-se identificar quais foram as motivações socioeconômicas que impulsionaram três projetos relevantes nessa região, a saber: Itaipu Binacional, Gasbol e Gasandes. A pesquisa tem o fito de mostrar a tese de que esses projetos foram realizados em diversos contextos históricos, mas que em todos os casos tiveram como referencia a acumulação capitalista. Para tanto, se escolhe um método que contextualiza os projetos na história e identificam-se, por meio da análise histórica, quais foram os setores da sociedade que receberam os maiores benefícios econômicos e qual foi a participação dos Estados em cada caso. O estudo mostra que nos projetos analisados, ainda tendo diferentes graus de participação dos Estados, a reprodução do capital constitui a motivação principal destes projetos, pois foram os capitais nacionais e internacionais os que tiveram seus lucros garantidos, em detrimento de empresas estatais ou públicas, ou bem em detrimento da população. As formas para garantir a acumulação privada foram diferentes e dependeram do contexto histórico em que cada projeto foi desenvolvido. No projeto Itaipu, as empresas foram beneficiadas com contratos de elevado valor e com tarifas abaixo do custo do serviço de eletricidade (isto particularmente para os grandes consumidores). Ademais, o manejo financeiro da dívida permitiu grandes transferências para o sistema financeiro. Nos casos de Gasbol e de Gasandes o modelo de organização dos projetos permitiu benefícios para as empresas em detrimento da Petrobras, no primeiro caso, e em detrimento diretamente da população, no segundo caso.
Title in English
The Social and the Economic Roots of the Energy Integration in South America: analysis of the Itaipu, Gasbol and Gasandes projects
Keywords in English
Energy Integration
Gasbol
Itaipu
South America Energy
Abstract in English
This work deals with the analysis of energy integration projects in the South America, in particular, in South American Common Market and its associated countries Bolivia and Chile. The thesis aims to identify the social and the economic motivations that stimulated the following three prominent projects in the region: Itaipu Binacional, Gasbol and Gasandes. The research thesis was that those projects were carried out taking as reference the capitalist accumulation, despite they were developed in diverse historical contexts. To carry out the research was chosen a methodological approach which puts the projects into an historical context and identifies, by means of the analysis, which were the sectors of the society that received the main economic benefits and which was the participation of the States in each case. The study concluded that in the projects analyzed, even having different levels of participation of the States, the reproduction of the capital was the main motivation of the projects. So, the international and national capitals had their profits guaranteed, but the risks and the financial losses were transferred to the state-owned or public companies or to the population. The forms to guarantee the private accumulation were different and depend on the historical context of each project. In the Itaipu project, for instance, the companies were benefited with high value contracts and with low tariffs of electricity (for huge consumers). Besides, the financial management of the debt permitted huge transferences from Itaipu to the financial system. In the cases of Gasbol and Gasandes the model of organization of the projects permitted benefits to the companies. The risks or financial losses were assumed by Petrobras, in the first case, and by the population, in the second case.
 
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Publishing Date
2010-08-30
 
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