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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.85.2018.tde-29012018-103733
Document
Author
Full name
Vinicius Andrea
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2017
Supervisor
Committee
Santiago, Elisabete Inácio (President)
Ett, Gerhard
Lopes, Thiago
Perez, Joelma
Santos, Sydney Ferreira
Title in Portuguese
Estudo comparativo de desempenho e durabilidade de células a combustível do tipo PEM
Keywords in Portuguese
célula a combustível
desempenho
durabilidade
membrana trocadora de prótons
Abstract in Portuguese
O objetivo desse trabalho foi investigar as relações entre a durabilidade e as diversas configurações dos componentes de uma célula a combustível do tipo PEM por meio de Testes de Durabilidade de Longa Duração. Foram comparados três tipos de geometria de fluxo, duas espessuras de membranas poliméricas e dois níveis de cargas de platina. Em diversos aspectos, a geometria de canais de fluxo do tipo serpentina se mostrou superior aos demais. Em relação às membranas, as do tipo Nafion 212 se mostraram bastante frágeis e suscetíveis ao crossover de H2, apesar de fornecerem maior potência elétrica que as membranas Nafion 115, as quais exibiram maior durabilidade. No que diz respeito à carga de platina nos eletrodos, verificou-se que os eletrodos preparados com 0,1 mg Pt cm-2 perderam, proporcionalmente, mais área eletroquimicamente ativa que aqueles preparados com 0,4 mg Pt cm-2, mas, ao mesmo tempo, apresentaram as menores taxas de perdas irreversíveis de desempenho. As análises por diversas técnicas eletroquímicas indicaram que os aumentos das resistências ôhmicas e de transporte de massas são os fatores que mais contribuem para as perdas irreversíveis de desempenho, enquanto que o aumento da resistência de transporte de cargas devido ao encharcamento dos eletrodos é o principal responsável pelas perdas reversíveis de desempenho. A proporção de ionômero na camada catalítica foi investigada e verificou-se que, apesar de facilitar para que ocorram perdas reversíveis de desempenho, a maior proporção de ionômero na camada catalítica contribuiu em mitigar a degradação do MEA. Por fim, observou-se que a qualidade do contato entre os eletrodos e a membrana tem grande contribuição na durabilidade das células a combustível do tipo PEM.
Title in English
Comparative studies of performance and durability of proton exchange membrane fuel cells
Keywords in English
durability
fuel cell
PEMFC
performance
proton exchange membrane
Abstract in English
The aim of this work was to investigate the relations between durability and the several Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) setups via long-term durability tests. Comparisons were made with three types of flow field designs, two polymeric membranes thicknesses and two platinum loadings. In many aspects, the serpentine flow field design has presented better results than the others. Regarding the membranes, Nafion 212 has shown to be very fragile and susceptible to H2 crossover, although it provides more electrical power than the Nafion 115 membrane which exhibited better durability. Concerning the platinum loading, the electrodes prepared with 0.1 mg Pt cm-2 have lost proportionally more electrochemical surface area than the ones prepared with 0.4 mg Pt cm-2 but at the same time, the electrodes with the lowest platinum load presented lower irreversible performance loss rate. The analyses made by several electrochemical techniques have indicated that the raise of the ohmic and mass transport resistances are the factors that most contribute to the irreversible performance loss, meanwhile the charge transport resistance due to the electrodes flooding is the main responsible for the reversible performance loss. The proportion of ionomer in the catalytic layer was studied and it was possible to infer that the highest ionomer proportion contributes to mitigate the MEA degradation, although it facilitates the reversible performance loss occurrence. Finally, it was observed that the contact quality of the electrodes and the membrane has remarkable influence on the PEMFCs durability.
 
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2017AndreaEstudo.pdf (4.09 Mbytes)
Publishing Date
2018-02-05
 
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