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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.85.2014.tde-27052014-090225
Document
Author
Full name
Luiz Alberto Tavares Pereira
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2014
Supervisor
Committee
Martinez, Luis Gallego (President)
Malynowskyj, Antonio
Orlando, Marcos Tadeu D'Azeredo
Rossi, Jesualdo Luiz
Takiishi, Hidetoshi
Title in Portuguese
Desenvolvimento de processos de reciclagem de cavacos de Zircaloy via refusão em forno elétrico a arco e metalurgia do pó
Keywords in Portuguese
combustível nuclear
encamisamento
fusão a arco elétrico
hidretação
metalurgia do pó
reciclagem
zircaloy
Abstract in Portuguese
Reatores PWR empregam, como combustível nuclear, pastilhas de UO2 acondicionadas em tubos de ligas de zircônio, chamados de encamisamento. Na sua fabricação são gerados cavacos de usinagem que não podem ser descartados, pois a reciclagem deste material é estratégica quanto aos aspectos de tecnologia nuclear, econômicos e ambientais. As ligas nucleares têm altíssimo custo e não são produzidas no Brasil, sendo importadas para a fabricação do combustível nuclear. Neste trabalho são abordados dois métodos para reciclar os cavacos de Zircaloy. No primeiro, os cavacos foram fundidos utilizando um forno elétrico a arco para obter lingotes. O segundo usa a técnica da metalurgia do pó, onde os cavacos foram submetidos à hidretação e o pó resultante foi moído e isostaticamente prensado e, a seguir, sinterizado a vácuo. A composição química, as fases presentes e a dureza no material foram determinadas. Os lingotes foram tratados termicamente e laminados, sendo que as microestruturas foram caracterizadas por microscopia óptica e eletrônica de varredura. Os resultados para ambos os métodos mostraram que a composição do Zircaloy reciclado cumpre as especificações químicas e apresentaram microestrutura adequada para uso nuclear. Os bons resultados do método de metalurgia do pó sugerem a possibilidade de produzir pequenas peças, como as tampas do encamisamento - end-caps, usando a sinterização no formato quase final (near net shape).
Title in English
Development of processes for zircaloy chips recycling by electric arc furnace remelting and powder metallurgy
Keywords in English
cladding
electric-arc fusion
hydriding
nuclear fuel
powder metallurgy
recycling
zircaloy
Abstract in English
PWR reactors employ, as nuclear fuel, UO2 pellets with Zircaloy clad. In the fabrication of fuel element parts, machining chips from the alloys are generated. As the Zircaloy chips cannot be discarded as ordinary metallic waste, the recycling of this material is important for the Brazilian Nuclear Policy, which targets the reprocess of Zircaloy residues for economic and environmental aspects. This work presents two methods developed in order to recycle Zircaloy chips. In one of the methods, Zircaloy machining chips were refused using an electric-arc furnace to obtain small laboratory ingots. The second one uses powder metallurgy techniques, where the chips were submitted to hydriding process and the resulting material was milled, isostatically pressed and vacuum sintered. The ingots were heat-treated by vacuum annealing. The microstructures resulting from both processing methods were characterized using optical and scanning electron microscopies. Chemical composition, crystal phases and hardness were also determined. The results showed that the composition of recycled Zircaloy comply with the chemical specifications and presented adequate microstructure for nuclear use. The good results of the powder metallurgy method suggest the possibility of producing small parts, like cladding end-caps, using near net shape sintering.
 
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Publishing Date
2014-06-13
 
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