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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.85.2013.tde-25112013-155403
Document
Author
Full name
Maria Helena Tirollo Taddei
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2013
Supervisor
Committee
Terremoto, Luis Antonio Albiac (President)
Martins, Marcos Nogueira
Saiki, Mitiko
Tello, Clédola Cássia Oliveira de
Vasconcellos, Marina Beatriz Agostini
Title in Portuguese
Determinação de fatores de escala para estimativa do inventário de radionuclídeos em rejeitos de média e baixa atividades do reator IEA-R1
Keywords in Portuguese
fatores de escala
radionuclídeos de difícil medição
radioquímica
reator nuclear de pesquisa
rejeitos radioativos
Abstract in Portuguese
Em cumprimento às normas que regulam a transferência e deposição final de rejeitos radioativos, o inventário de radionuclídeos de cada embalado contendo tais rejeitos deve ser estimado e declarado. Os limites autorizados são definidos em função das doses de radiação que indivíduos do público podem vir a receber anualmente a partir do repositório. Tais limites se referem principalmente às concentrações de atividade, dadas em Bq/g, dos radionuclídeos presentes nos embalados com rejeitos. A grande maioria dos radionuclídeos emissores de raios-gama pode ter a respectiva concentração de atividade determinada diretamente por medidas externas aos embalados. Entretanto, determinação análoga para os radionuclídeos emissores exclusivos de partículas alfa ou beta, bem como de alguns emissores de raios-gama e/ou raios-X cuja energia, intensidade absoluta de emissão e/ou atividade são muito baixas denominados genericamente Radionuclídeos de Difícil Medição (RDMs) requer procedimentos radioquímicos complexos para isolar a espécie química de interesse dos interferentes presentes nas matrizes de rejeitos. Ademais, nesse caso é necessário coletar amostras de cada embalado, acarretando elevadas doses de radiação para os operadores e altos custos logísticos, decorrentes do grande número de embalados com rejeitos radioativos que necessitam de caracterização em uma instalação nuclear. Uma metodologia alternativa para abordar esse problema consiste em obter correlações empíricas entre alguns radionuclídeos possíveis de serem medidos diretamente, como 60Co e 137Cs denominados Radionuclídeos Chave (RCs) e os RDMs. Essa metodologia, denominada Fator de Escala, foi aplicada no presente trabalho com a finalidade de determinar tais correlações, na forma de Fatores de Escala ou Funções de Correlação, para os principais rejeitos de baixa e média atividades do reator nuclear de pesquisa IEA-R1.
Title in English
Determination of scaling factors to estimate the radionuclide inventory in waste with low and intermediate-level activity from the IEA-R1 reactor
Keywords in English
difficult to measure radionuclides
radioactive wastes
radiochemistry
research nuclear reactor
scaling fator
Abstract in English
Regulations regarding transfer and final disposal of radioactive waste require that the inventory of radionuclides for each container enclosing such waste must be estimated and declared. The regulatory limits are established as a function of the annual radiation doses that members of the public could be exposed to from the radioactive waste repository, which mainly depend on the activity concentration of radionuclides, given in Bq/g, found in each waste container. Most of the radionuclides that emit gamma-rays can have their activity concentrations determined straightforwardly by measurements carried out externally to the containers. However, radionuclides that emit exclusively alpha or beta particles, as well as gamma-rays or X-rays with low energy and low absolute emission intensity, or whose activity is very low among the radioactive waste, are generically designated as Difficult to Measure Nuclides (DTMs). The activity concentrations of these DTMs are determined by means of complex radiochemical procedures that involve isolating the chemical species being studied from the interference in the waste matrix. Moreover, samples must be collected from each container in order to perform the analyses inherent to the radiochemical procedures, which exposes operators to high levels of radiation and is very costly because of the large number of radioactive waste containers that need to be characterized at a nuclear facility. An alternative methodology to approach this problem consists in obtaining empirical correlations between some radionuclides that can be measured directly such as 60Co and 137Cs, therefore designated as Key Nuclides (KNs) and the DTMs. This methodology, denominated Scaling Factor, was applied in the scope of the present work in order to obtain Scaling Factors or Correlation Functions for the most important radioactive wastes with low and intermediate-activity level from the IEA-R1 nuclear research reactor.
 
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Publishing Date
2013-12-04
 
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