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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.85.2014.tde-24032014-162345
Document
Author
Full name
Francine Menzel
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2014
Supervisor
Committee
Sabundjian, Gaianê (President)
Domingos, Marisa
Lima, Ana Cecilia de Souza
Title in Portuguese
Cálculo de custo ambiental das usinas nucleares de Angra 1, 2 e 3 utilizando o programa SIMPACTS
Keywords in Portuguese
custo ambiental
externalidades
SIMPACTS
Abstract in Portuguese
Cálculo de custo ambiental é um conceito que surgiu a partir da crescente atenção dada às questões ambientais. Um impacto ambiental, convertido em termos econômicos, é um custo ambiental. Para esse cálculo, são utilizados programas computacionais, como o Simplified Approach of Estimating Impacts of Electricity Generation (SIMPACTS), que é um código que estima e quantifica os custos dos danos ambientais e danos à saúde ocasionados por diferentes tecnologias de geração de eletricidade. O objetivo desse trabalho é realizar o cálculo de custo ambiental das usinas nucleares de Angra 1, 2 e 3. Os resultados foram comparados com os dados do reator de Balakovo, da hidrelétrica Serra da Mesa e de uma usina a carvão genérica na França, contidos no próprio programa. O SIMPACTS possui três módulos: AIRPACTS, para quantificar os impactos e custos dos danos causados pelas emissões atmosféricas; NUKPACTS, para avaliar as doses coletivas e os efeitos na saúde latentes da operação de rotina de instalações nucleares e usinas a carvão; HYDROPACTS, para calcular os custos dos danos das barragens de hidrelétricas decorrentes da reinstalação de pessoas em virtude de inundações e perda de uso da terra. Nesse trabalho, foram utilizados os módulos NUKPACTS e HYDROPACTS para a realização dos cálculos. Os resultados indicam que um reator nuclear, quando comparado a uma hidrelétrica e termoelétrica de potência similar, causa menores impactos associados e, portanto, um menor custo ambiental. Por essa razão, do ponto de vista dos seus impactos ambientais, os reatores nucleares se tornam uma fonte de geração de energia atrativa.
Title in English
Calculating environmental cost of nuclear power plants Angra 1, 2 and 3 using the SIMPACTS program
Keywords in English
environmental cost
externalities
SIMPACTS
Abstract in English
Calculating the environmental cost is a concept that emerged from the increased attention given to environmental issues. Environmental impact, converted into economic terms, is an environmental cost. For this calculation computational programs, such as Simplified Approach of Estimating Impacts of Electricity Generation (SIMPACTS) are used. SIMPACTS is a code that estimates and quantifies the costs of both, environmental and health damage, caused by different electricity generation technologies. The aim of this work is the calculation of the environmental cost of the nuclear power plants Angra 1, 2 and 3. The results were compared with data provided in the program of the following power plants: the reactor Balakovo, the Serra da Mesa hydroelectric dam and a generic coal plant in France. The SIMPACTS has three modules: AIRPACTS to quantify the impacts and costs of the damage caused by atmospheric emissions; NUKPACTS to assess collective doses and latent health effects of routine operation of nuclear power plants and coal power plants; HYDROPACTS to calculate the damage costs of hydroelectric dams resulting from the relocation of people due to flooding and loss of land use. For this research, NUKPACTS and HYDROPACTS modules were used for calculations. The results indicate that a nuclear reactor, compared with a hydropower plant with similar capacity, causes lower impacts associated and, consequently, lower environmental cost. For this reason, nuclear reactors are an attractive source of power generation from the point of view of the environmental impacts.
 
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2014MenzelCalculo.pdf (3.25 Mbytes)
Publishing Date
2014-04-07
 
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