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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.85.2013.tde-29052013-091534
Document
Author
Full name
Marcio Issamu Haraguchi
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2013
Supervisor
Committee
Calvo, Wilson Aparecido Parejo (President)
Hamada, Margarida Mizue
Kim, Hae Yong
Title in Portuguese
Imageamento de equipamentos de processos industriais pela técnica de perfilagem por raios gama
Keywords in Portuguese
diagnóstico industrial
equipamentos industriais
perfilagem gama
raios gama
reconstrução de imagem
Abstract in Portuguese
A perfilagem de colunas por raios gama (column gamma scan) é uma técnica nuclear empregada para solucionar problemas em equipamentos de processos industriais, nas refinarias e petroquímicas. Consiste na utilização de uma fonte selada e um detector de radiação [NaI(Tl)], obtendo-se o perfil de densidade unidimensional (1D) do equipamento. Nas últimas décadas, ocorreram algumas melhorias na técnica de perfilagem, tais como, na digitalização contínua das informações e nos sistemas de detecção da radiação (wireless). Novos aplicativos melhoraram a qualidade da apresentação dos resultados. Entretanto, a condição da técnica não mudou drasticamente, desde sua criação. Seu resultado é simplesmente um gráfico 1D da densidade média, em função da altura do equipamento industrial. A tecnologia inovadora proposta neste trabalho de Mestrado utiliza a reconstrução tomográfica industrial, via algoritmos iterativos derivados da ART (Algebraic Reconstruction Technique) e do MART (Multiplicative Algebraic Reconstruction Technique), para apresentar o resultado de perfilagem como uma imagem bidimensional (2D) da distribuição de densidade, ao invés de um gráfico 1D. Nitidamente, uma imagem 2D possui mais informações técnicas do equipamento em análise, permitindo um avanço na tecnologia de ensaios não destrutivos (END). Assim, muitos problemas operacionais não detectáveis em equipamentos de processos industriais podem ser descobertos e solucionados de forma on-line, usando-se o imageamento 2D. Esta tecnologia permitiu que um pedido de patente fosse depositado junto ao Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial (INPI).
Title in English
Industrial process equipment troubleshooting with imaging technique improved gamma-ray absorption scans
Keywords in English
gamma ray
gamma scanning
image reconstruction
industrial equipments
troubleshooting
Abstract in English
Column gamma scan is one of the most common nuclear techniques on troubleshooting industrial process equipments like distillation columns and reactors. With a very simple concept, the technique is easy to implement. Searching for a competitive edge the industry has been long developing solutions to achieve better results. On the last decades, significant development has been done with the advent of new hardware, electronics, portable computers and software. Continuous scanning and wireless detection systems are examples of successful field solutions, while new software aid on reporting and data presentation. However the type and quality of the results itself has not dramatically changed since its beginning. A scan profile is simple to understand, although the process to build it can be very complex as it requires a specific blend of knowledge and abilities. Process engineering, chemical engineering, internal hydraulic project, nuclear engineering and field abilities are pre requisites for of any scan specialist. Correct data gathering, interpretation and reporting are abilities often difficult to match or requires a long time of training. The industry faces a similar difficult on the customer side, as it is always necessary to train end users to understand a report and how to use its best. This scientific work describes our effort on developing a new approach on the gamma column scan test using image reconstruction techniques that would result on a graphic image rather than a XY plot. Direct and easier to understand, a report with graphic images would be also be accessible to a wider audience, not limited to the customers experienced with gamma scan interpretation.
 
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Publishing Date
2013-06-06
 
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