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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.85.2016.tde-24102016-112826
Document
Author
Full name
Alice Miranda Ribeiro Costa
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2016
Supervisor
Committee
Pecequilo, Brigitte Roxana Soreanu (President)
Figueira, Rubens Cesar Lopes
Mazzilli, Bárbara Paci
Title in Portuguese
Estudo dos radionuclídeos naturais - Ra-226, Ra-228 e Pb-210 - em alguns registros sedimentares do Atlântico Sudoeste ao longo do Holoceno
Keywords in Portuguese
Atlântico Sudoeste
Geocronologia
Pb-210
Ra-226
Ra-228
sedimentos marinhos
Abstract in Portuguese
Os radionuclídeos naturais das séries radioativas do 238U e do 232Th têm sido aplicados com sucesso como traçadores de processos ambientais atuais e mudanças climáticas. O 210Pb (meia-vida de 22,2 anos) é empregado na técnica de datação geocronológica de testemunhos sedimentares dos últimos 100-150 anos e na determinação de taxa de sedimentação. As concentrações dos isótopos 226Ra e 228Ra (meia-vida de 1.600 anos e 5,75 anos, respectivamente) auxiliam no cálculo das atividades de 210Pb em excesso no sedimento e auxiliam na identificação de processos marinhos importantes, como, por exemplo, a intrusão de água subterrânea. Neste trabalho foram quantificadas as concentrações de atividade de 226Ra, 228Ra e 210Pb em quatro testemunhos marinhos curtos coletados desde a plataforma continental até o talude superior do Atlântico Sudoeste. A partir dos resultados obtidos, as taxas de sedimentação em cada local e as idades de cada fatia de sedimento foram determinadas pelo método de datação geocronológica com 210Pb. As amostras sedimentares sofreram digestão total ácida em microondas. A separação radioquímica sequencial de 226Ra, 228Ra e 210Pb foi realizada com a obtenção dos precipitados de Ba(Ra)SO4 e PbCrO4. As medidas α total do 226Ra e β total do 228Ra e do 210Pb a partir dos precipitados foram feitas em um detector proporcional de fluxo gasoso de baixa radiação de fundo. Com relação aos testemunhos analisados, as concentrações de atividade dos radionuclídeos variaram de 14 Bq.kg-1 a 154 Bq.kg-1 para o 226Ra; de 17 Bq.kg-1 a 45 Bq.kg-1 para o 228Ra; de 20 Bq.kg-1 a 2.073 Bq.kg-1 para o 210Pb. Valores altos de 210Pb foram encontrados no topo de todos os perfis sedimentares, proveniente principalmente da deposição atmosférica. Os dados coletados neste trabalho estão na mesma faixa de grandeza de outros relacionados a medições de 226Ra, 228Ra, 210Pb em áreas não contaminadas do Oceano Atlântico Sudoeste. As taxas de sedimentação diminuíram com o aumento da profundidade de coluna dágua, cujos valores variaram de 0,049 cm.ano-1 a 0,40 cm.ano-1.
Title in English
Study of natural radionuclides - 226Ra, 228Ra and 210Pb - in marine sediment cores from Southwest Atlantic during the Holocene
Keywords in English
Geochronology
marine sediments
Pb-210
Ra-226
Ra-228
Southwest Atlantic
Abstract in English
Natural radionuclides from 238U and 232Th series have been successfully applied as tracers of environmental process and climate changes. The 210Pb (half-life of 22.2 years) is used in the geochronological dating technique of sediment cores of the last 100-150 years, and its respective sedimentation rate determination. The study of 226Ra and 228Ra concentrations (half-lives of 1,600 years and 5.75 years, respectively) helps calculate the activity of 210Pb in excess in the environment, besides being important tracers of marine processes, as ground water discharge. In this work it was determined the activity concentrations of 226Ra, 228Ra and 210Pb in four short marine cores collected since the continental platform to upper slope of Southwest Atlantic Ocean. Taking into account the results obtained, sedimentation rates and the ages of each sediment layer were determined using the geochronological dating method with 210Pb. All sediment samples were total acid digested in microwave. The sequential radiochemical separation of 226Ra, 228Ra, 210Pb were performed, obtaining in the end the precipitation of Ba(Ra)SO4 and PbCrO4. The gross α measurements of 226Ra and gross β measurements of 228Ra and 210Pb from the precipitates were carried out in a gas-flow low background proportional counter. Concerning all cores analyzed, the activities concentrations of 226Ra ranged from 14 Bq.kg-1 to 154 Bq.kg-1; the concentrations of 228Ra ranged from 17 Bq.kg-1 to 45 Bq.kg-1; and the concentrations of 210Pb ranged from 20 Bq.kg-1 to 2,073 Bq.kg-1. High values of 210Pb were observed on the top of all the cores studied, mainly related to atmospheric deposition. The results obtained in this work were of the same order of magnitude of those reported in the literature available on non contaminated areas of Southeast Brazilian Coast. Sedimentation rates fall with the increase of water column depth and ranged from 0,049 cm.ano-1 to 0.40 cm.y-1.
 
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Publishing Date
2016-12-09
 
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