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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.85.2019.tde-22072019-075930
Document
Author
Full name
Luma Ramirez de Carvalho
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2019
Supervisor
Committee
Vieira, Daniel Perez (President)
Rodas, Andrea Cecilia Dorion
Roubicek, Deborah Arnsdorff
Title in Portuguese
Análise automatizada da frequência de micronúcleos em culturas celulares expostas a agentes genotóxicos físicos e quimícos
Keywords in Portuguese
fármacos
genotoxicidade
micronúcleo
radiação
Abstract in Portuguese
O ensaio de frequência de micronúcleos é uma técnica importante utilizada para avaliar danos genotóxicos de agentes químicos ou físicos (como radiação ionizante) em células, baseado na quantificação de células contendo micronúcleos, que são fragmentos derivados de DNA danificado com coloração semelhante ao dos núcleos principais, mas com 5 a 30% do seu tamanho. Tradicionalmente, este ensaio é realizado usando microscopia de coloração convencional de acordo com Giemsa, mas atualmente esta técnica está sendo atualizada para uma abordagem automatizada que se baseia na dissolução da membrana plasmática por detergentes levando em conta apenas núcleos e micronúcleos com seu DNA corados por corantes fluorescentes, que pode discriminar núcleos de células viáveis dos das células inviáveis e permite a contagem por citometria de fluxo. Este trabalho avaliou a extensão de dano genotóxico radioinduzido por radiação gama (60Co) em doses entre 0,5 e 16Gy, e o potencial genotóxico de três peptídeos utilizados em medicina nuclear (PSMA-617, PSMA-11 e Ubiquicidina 29-41). As membranas celulares foram lisadas na presença dos corantes SYTOX® Green e EMA, e núcleos marcados com os dois fluorocromos foram considerados provenientes de células inviáveis e, portanto, removidos da análise. As quantidades de micronúcleos (porcentagem de eventos) nas amostras, foram proporcionais às doses de radiação, e puderam ser ajustadas a um modelo linear-quadrático (R2 = 0,993). Somente doses mais altas (8 e 16 Gy) e controles positivos induziram aumentos relevantes nas quantidades de micronúcleos. Os radiofármacos foram testados com concentrações de 0,1x, x, 10x e 100x a concentração utilizada em adultos, e não induziram dano em concentrações praticáveis.
Title in English
Automated analysis of the frequency of micronuclei in cell cultures exposed to physical and chemical genotoxic agents
Keywords in English
genotoxicity
micronuclei
pharmaceuticals
radiation
Abstract in English
The micronucleus frequency assay is an important technique used to evaluate genotoxic damage of chemical or physical agents (such as ionizing radiation) in cells, based on the quantification of micronucleus-containing cells, which are fragments derived from damaged DNA with similar coloration to of the main nuclei, but with 5 to 30% of its size. Traditionally, this assay is performed using conventional staining microscopy according to Giemsa, but currently this technique is being updated to an automated approach that relies on the dissolution of the plasma membrane by detergents taking into account only nuclei and micronuclei with their DNA stained by dyes fluorescence, which can discriminate nuclei from unviable or living cells and allows counting by flow cytometry. The genotoxic potential of three peptides used in nuclear medicine (PSMA-617, PSMA-11 and Ubiquicidine 29-41) was evaluated by gamma radiation (60Co) at doses in the range among 0.5 and 16Gy. Cell membranes were lysed in the presence of the SYTOX® Green and EMA dyes, and cores labeled with the two fluorochromes were considered to be from non-viable cells and therefore removed from the analysis. The amount of micronucleus (percentage of events) in the samples was proportional to the radiation doses, and could be adjusted to a linear-quadratic model (R2 = 0.993). Only higher doses (8 and 16 Gy) and positive control induced significant increases in micronucleus amounts. Radiopharmaceuticals were tested at concentrations of 0.1x, 1x, 10x, and 100x the concentration used in adults, and did not induce damage at feasible concentrations.
 
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Publishing Date
2019-08-07
 
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