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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.85.2014.tde-18082014-102009
Document
Author
Full name
Diego Vergaças de Sousa Carvalho
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2014
Supervisor
Committee
Hamada, Margarida Mizue (President)
Dantas, Carlos Costa
Mesquita, Carlos Henrique de
Title in Portuguese
Efeitos do colimador na qualidade de imagem em tomografia industrial de terceira geração
Keywords in Portuguese
aplicação de radioisótopos
colimador
instrumentação nuclear
tomografia computadorizada industrial
Abstract in Portuguese
O estudo do efeito da colimação nos detectores de radiação sobre a qualidade de imagem do tomógrafo industrial de terceira geração desenvolvido no IPEN/CNEN-SP é descrito neste trabalho. Três conjuntos de colimadores de chumbo foram projetados e confeccionados, sendo um com janelas retangulares de 2 x 5 x 50 mm e outro com 4 x 10 x 50 mm (largura x comprimento x profundidade) e um terceiro com orifício circular de 5 mm de diâmetro x 40 mm de profundidade. Os colimadores foram projetados para poderem ser facilmente substituídos entre si nos detectores de radiação. Paralelamente, foram confeccionados e utilizadas a eletrônica associada, constituída de analisadores de sinais tipo multicanal de 8 bits contendo a unidade de alta tensão e o amplificador. Dentre as vantagens deste sistema destaca-se a sua capacidade de análise multicanal rápida e possuir uma eletrônica mais simples. Valores de resolução energética comparável com a da literatura foram encontrados utilizando a eletrônica desenvolvida acoplada ao detector de radiação de NaI(Tl). Os efeitos dos colimadores foram avaliados pelas medidas tomográficas em um fantom de polimetilmetacrilato contendo componentes multifásicos estáticos (ferro, alumínio e ar). Fontes de radiação com energias de das fontes de 75Se (97 keV, 121 keV, 136 keV, 265 keV, 279 keV e 400 keV), de 137Cs (662 keV) e de 192Ir (317 keV, 468 keV e 602 keV) observou-se que a melhor imagem do fantom foi obtida com os colimadores de janelas retangulares (fendas) de 2 x 5 x 50 mm. Na avaliação dinâmica da formação de bolhas em coluna simuladora de processos industriais, a melhor imagem foi obtida com a fonte de 192Ir.
Title in English
Collimator effects on image quality in industrial tomography third generation
Keywords in English
application of radioisotopes
collimator
industrial computed tomography
nuclear instrumentation
Abstract in English
The study of the effect of collimation in radiation detectors on the image quality of the third-generation industrial CT scanner developed at IPEN / CNEN-SP is described in this work. Three sets of lead collimators were designed and manufactured, one with rectangular windows of 2 x 5 x 50 mm and the other with 4 x 10 x 50 mm (width x length x deep) and a third circular hole of 5 mm diameter x 40 mm deep. The collimators were designed to be easily interchanged in radiation detectors. In parallel, were prepared and used the associated electronics, consisting of multi-channel signal analyzers type of 8 bits containing the high voltage unit and the amplifier. Among the advantages of this system stands out for its ability to fast multichannel analysis and possess a simpler electronics. Values in energy resolution comparable with the literature were found using the developed electronics coupled to the radiation detector of NaI (Tl). The effects of collimators were evaluated by tomographic measurements in a multiphase fantom polymethyl methacrylate containing static components (iron, aluminum and air). Radiation sources with energies of the sources of 75Se (97 keV, 121 keV, 136 keV, 265 keV, 279 keV and 400 keV), 137Cs (662 keV) and 192Ir (317 keV, 468 keV and 602 keV) observed that the best image was obtained fantom collimators with rectangular windows (slits) 2 x 5 x 50 mm. In the dynamic evaluation of formation of bubbles column in a simulated industrial processes the best image at was obtained with the 192Ir source.
 
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Publishing Date
2014-08-18
 
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