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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.85.2014.tde-06102014-142455
Document
Author
Full name
Luana dos Santos Andrade
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2014
Supervisor
Committee
Duarte, Celina Lopes (President)
Araujo, Sumair Gouveia de
Tenorio, Jorge Alberto Soares
Title in Portuguese
Estudo do efeito da radiação ionizante em compostos orgânicos do diesel e do petróleo: hidrocarbonetos, sulfurados e nitrogenados
Keywords in Portuguese
compostos orgânicos
petróleo
radiação ionizante
Abstract in Portuguese
O petróleo é uma das principais fontes de energia e também de poluição no mundo atual. Novas tecnologias na indústria petroquímica visam diminuir a energia gasta no processamento e a redução dos produtos poluidores. Compostos de enxofre e nitrogênio geram problemas ambientais, sendo os mais relevantes, a poluição da atmosfera que afeta a saúde da população diretamente. A tecnologia nuclear tem sido usada na proteção ambiental através da remoção de poluentes pela reação com radicais livres produzidos pela ação da radiação nas moléculas de água. O objetivo desse trabalho é a avaliação do efeito da radiação ionizante no petróleo e no diesel, principalmente, nos hidrocarbonetos, nos compostos orgânicos sulfurados e nos nitrogenados. Para tanto estudou-se a molécula modelo de enxofre, benzotiofeno, e amostras de diesel e de petróleo bruto. As amostras foram irradiadas na fonte de Co-60 do tipo Gammacell. A concentração total de enxofre nas amostras foi determinada por fluorescência de raios x e os compostos orgânicos foram determinados por cromatografia gasosa acoplada ao espectrômetro de massas,GC-MS. O estudo com a molécula modelo demonstrou que cerca de 95% foi degradado com uma dose absorvida de 20 kGy. Os resultados obtidos na análise dos hidrocarbonetos demonstram que estes foram craqueados quando irradiados com a dose de 15 kGy, entretanto observouse a polimerização e a baixa eficiência no craqueamento em doses maiores. Observou-se eficiência na redução da maioria dos compostos de enxofre do petróleo e diesel. Considerando as doses estudadas as que apresentaram melhor eficiência foram as de 15 kGy e 30 kGy. Na amostra de diesel as maiores variações nos compostos orgânicos foi observada com doses absorvidas de 30 kGy e 50 kGy. No petróleo, após a destilação e separação cromatográfica de coluna aberta utilizando cloreto de paládio como fase estacionaria, observou-se a separação preferencial de compostos orgânicos sulfurados.
Title in English
Study on ionizing radiation effects in diesel and crude oil: organic compounds: hydrocarbon, sulfur and nitrogen
Keywords in English
ionizing radiation
organic compounds
petroleum
Abstract in English
Petroleum is the most important energy and pollution source in the world, nowadays. New technologies in petrochemical industry aim to minimize energy spending at the process and to reduce pollution products. Sulfur and nitrogen compounds generate environmental problems; the most relevant is air pollution that affects the population health directly. The nuclear technology has been used in environmental protection through pollutants removal by free radicals produced at action of the radiation in water molecule. The objective of this study is to evaluate the radiation effects on oil and diesel, mainly in the hydrocarbons, organic sulfur, and nitrogen compounds. It was studied a molecule model of sulfur, named benzothiophene, diesel and crude oil samples. The samples were irradiated using a Co-60 source, Gammacell type. The total sulfur concentration in the samples was determined by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, and organic compounds were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The study of molecular model showed that 95% was degraded at 20 kGy dose rate. Irradiation at 15 kGy of absorbed dose showed some cracking in petrol hydrocarbons, however with higher doses it was observed polymerization and low efficiency of cracking. It was observed that the sulfur compounds from diesel and petroleum was efficiently reduced. The applied doses of 15 kGy and 30 kGy were the most efficient on desulfurization of petroleum, and for diesel the highest variation was observed with 30 kGy and 50 kGy of absorbed dose. The distillation and chromatographic separation using an open column with palladium chloride as stationary phase showed a preferential separation of organic sulfur compounds in petroleum.
 
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2014AndradeEstudo.pdf (5.43 Mbytes)
Publishing Date
2014-10-09
 
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