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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.82.2017.tde-17102017-113506
Document
Author
Full name
Denise Loureiro Vianna
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Ribeirão Preto, 1997
Supervisor
Committee
Mazzer, Nilton (President)
Barbieri, Cláudio Henrique
Chierice, Gilberto
Title in Portuguese
Estudo comparativo da resistência mecânica da poliuretana derivada do óleo da mamona, submetida à ensaio de tração
Keywords in Portuguese
Elastômero
Luvas de soquetes de próteses
Polímeros
Poliuretana derivada do óleo de mamona
Abstract in Portuguese
Com vistas à sua utilização na confecção de luvas para revestimento de soquetes de próteses para amputações infrapatelares, a resistência mecânica da poliuretana derivada da combinação do óleo da mamona purificado (poliol) com o pré-polímero difenilmetanodiisocianato foi testada por meio de ensaios de tração numa máquina universal de ensaios, comparativamente com dois outros tipos de material, o elastômero de silicone e a espuma de borracha, de uso corrente para a mesma finalidade. A poliuretana e o elastômero de silicone foram também testados em uma forma associada com uma alma de malha tubular de poliamida, totalizando cinco tipos de materiais investigados, com os quais se confeccionaram corpos de prova com o formato de "gravata borboleta". Foram considerados parâmetros para a análise a carga máxima suportada, a tensão máxima, a tensão de ruptura, o alongamento até a ruptura e o módulo de elasticidade, de cada material. Os ensaios foram realizados segundo padronização pela norma ASTM 638-M. Os resultados mostraram que o silicone com e sem a alma de malha tubular de poliamida foi o material mais resistente e que a poliuretana derivada do óleo da mamona apresentou resistência próxima à da espuma de borracha, quando pura, e próxima à do silicone puro, quando associada à malha tubular . O silicone puro foi o material com a maior capacidade de alongamento até ruptura, sendo a poliuretana pura o material com a menor capacidade de alongamento. Entretanto, quando associados à alma de malha tubular, ambos passaram a ter a mesma capacidade de alongamento, que ficou reduzida em relação àquela dos materiais puros. Concluiu-se que, apesar de menos resistente no estado puro, a poliuretana derivada do óleo da mamona pode ter sua resistência aprimorada com a associação da malha tubular, mantendo-se ainda mais flexível e com melhor capacidade de absorção e distribuição de carga que o silicone, sendo, portanto, um material adequado para a confecção de luvas para revestimento de soquetes de próteses para amputação do membro inferior.
Title in English
not available
Keywords in English
not available
Abstract in English
With a view to using it as lining material for below knee prosthesis, the mechanical resistance of a poliurethane derived from the combination of purified castor oil with the prepolymer diphenylmethandiisocyanate was tested by means of tensile strength measurement in a universal testing machine, as compared with two other materials, the silicone elastomer and the synthetic rubber foam, both of current use for the same purpose. The castor oil polyurethane and the silicone elastomer were tested either in a plain form and combined with of a polyamid mesh core, summing up five types of material investigated. Bow-tie shaped specimens were cut out of all materials, so as to conform with the requirements of ASTM 638-N standard. The parameters taken into consideration for analysis were the maximal load supported, the maximal tension, the tension at rupture, the elongation at rupture and the modulus of elasticity for each material. The results showed that the silicone elastomer with and without the mesh core was the most resistant material and that the resistance of the plain castor oiI polyurethane is close to that of rubber foam. When combined with the mesh core, the resistance of the polyurethane became similar to that of the plain silicone elastomer. The plain silicone elastomer showed the greatest capacity of elongation before it eventually ruptured, whilst the castor oil polyurethane ruptured much earlier than the rubber foam, in a intermediate position according to this parameter. However, when combined with the mesh core, both silicone elastomer and castor oiI polyurethane presented the same capacity of elongation, which was reduced in comparison to both materials in the plain state. It was concluded that, despite being weaker, the resistance of castor oil polyurethane can be increased by the combination with the mesh core, still preserving its greater flexibility and shock absorbing and load distribution capacity, as compared to the silicone elastomer. In this form it is, therefore, an adequate material to make soft sockets for below knee prostheses.
 
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Publishing Date
2017-10-17
 
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