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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.82.2006.tde-12022008-150039
Document
Author
Full name
Luiz Tadeu de Moura Fachine
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Carlos, 2006
Supervisor
Committee
Rollo, João Manuel Domingos de Almeida (President)
Guarniero, Roberto
Silva, Orivaldo Lopes da
Title in Portuguese
Ultra-sonometria óssea para determinação do risco de fratura do fêmur
Keywords in Portuguese
Fratura do fêmur
Mulheres de baixa renda
Osteoporose
Ultra-sonometria óssea
Abstract in Portuguese
A osteoporose é uma doença que afeta o tecido ósseo diminuindo sua resistência, que é determinada pela sua densidade, arquitetura e velocidade de remodelamento. O método padrão atualmente utilizado para seu diagnóstico e monitoramento é a densitometria óssea, que utiliza radiação ionizante, e que, por ser caro, é inacessível à maioria da população de baixa renda. Tem, ainda, o inconveniente de não avaliar adequadamente a massa óssea e nem a sua resistência. Vários estudos têm sido publicados discutindo o uso de técnicas complementares ou alternativas para tornar essa avaliação mais confiável. Uma dessas técnicas é a ultra-sonometria óssea do calcâneo, que se baseia na análise da propagação do ultra-som através do osso traduzindo informações de sua qualidade e, com isso, predizendo o risco de fratura, principalmente do colo do fêmur. Esse método não utiliza radiação ionizante, é de fácil aplicação e de baixo custo. Atualmente é utilizado para rastreamento populacional de indivíduos candidatos à densitometria óssea. Como os resultados desse método têm uma melhor correlação com o indivíduo idoso e na avaliação do colo do fêmur, propôs-se a sua utilização para avaliar pacientes de baixa renda cadastrados em serviços públicos de saúde, a maioria com doenças concomitantes, rastreando-os para que sejam submetidos a programas de prevenção de fraturas do fêmur, conseqüência de maior morbidade e mortalidade da osteoporose. Como método, um grupo de 757 mulheres idosas foi submetido à avaliação pela ultra-sonometria óssea do calcâneo. Destas, 71% foram considerados com risco aumentado de fratura (24% com osteoporose e 47% com osteopenia, de acordo com os critérios da OMS para a densitometria óssea) e 29% normais, dados importantes pelo elevado número de indivíduos em risco. Outros parâmetros também foram analisados em função de um questionário respondido pelas examinadas, que mostrou, entre outras informações, a concomitância de moléstias.
Title in English
Bone ultra-sonometry for the assesment of the fêmur fracture risk
Keywords in English
Fêmur fracture
Low-income women
Osteoporosis
Ultra-sonometry
Abstract in English
Osteoporosis is a disease which affects the bone tissue reducing its resistance that is determined by its density, architecture and speed of remodeling. Currently, the pattern method used for its diagnosis and monitoring is the bone densitometry which makes use of ionizing radiation and because of its high costs, it is not available to the majority of the low-income population. It also has the inconvenience of neither assessing adequately the bone mass nor its resistance. Several studies have been published discussing the use of complementary or alternative techniques to make this evaluation more reliable. One of these techniques is the bone ultra-sonometry of the calcaneus which is based on the analysis of the ultrasound propagation thought the bone translating information about its quality and therefore predicting mainly the fracture risk in the femoral collum this method do not use ionizing radiation, it is easy to apply and has low costs. Nowadays, it is used for populational screening of individuals who are candidates for bone densitometry. As its results have a better correlation with this method in the old individual and in the assessment of the femoral neck, its utilization its proposed to evaluate low-income patients registered at the public health, most of them suffering from concomitant diseases, screening them in the order to be submitted to preventive programs of femoral fractures, the consequence of increased morbity and mortality related to osteoporosis. As a method, a group of 757 old women was submitted to the evaluation by the bone ultra-sonometry of the calcaneus. 71% or the women were considered with increased fracture risk (24% with osteoporosis and 47% with osteopenia according to the WHO criteria for densitometry) and 29% were normal, important data because of the high number of individuals at risk. Other parameters were also analyzed in terms of a questionnaire answered by the evaluated women showing the concomitance of diseases besides other information. The obtained data are not coincident with those from the literature that observes old individuals who were randomly chosen within the population in general. Such a fact is related to the criterion used for the choice of the studied universe constituted by patients and not simply by individuals who were already registered at the health treatment service. For these reasons, it was concluded that the method in question is valuable to screen low-income old women with the facture risk increased by the reduction of the bone resistance and conduct them to preventive programs of femoral fractures.
 
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Publishing Date
2008-02-20
 
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