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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.8.2010.tde-01092010-141409
Document
Author
Full name
Joseane Maia Santos Silva
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2010
Supervisor
Committee
Goes, Maria Lucia Pimentel de Sampaio (President)
Coelho, Nelly Novaes
Cunha, Maria Zilda da
Mendes, Algemira de Macedo
Resende, Vania Maria
Title in Portuguese
Tecendo estórias das comunidades remanescentes de quilombolas aqui e acolá
Keywords in Portuguese
comunidades quilombolas
formação de leitores
literatura infanto-juvenil
narrativas escritas
narrativas orais
Abstract in Portuguese
A presente tese objetiva a recolha de narrativas orais em comunidades rurais remanescentes de quilombola, em 2008, no município de Caxias-Maranhão, e análise do sentido estético, ético, bem como a função social desses enredos. Marcadas pela luta do direito à posse da terra, todas as atividades culturais aí desenvolvidas, como a dança do baião, a festa do Divino e a contação de estórias, fortalecem a identidade étnica, o passado de exploração, o sentimento de pertencimento e as ações reivindicatórias por serviços públicos que lhes garantam vida digna. O confronto dessas narrativas orais com as narrativas escritas, divulgadas por folcloristas brasileiros, a partir da segunda metade do século XIX, mostra que as temáticas, profundamente humanas, estão relacionadas com valores, crenças, sonhos, desejos e comportamentos regidos por uma moral relativa, revelando, pois, o mundo de quem narra e a atualidade dos enredos. A variedade de contos (de encantamento, de exemplo, de animais, facécias, demônio logrado, adivinhação etc.), além de mitos, lendas e causos comprova que o motor da tradição oral é a inovação, pela incorporação do elemento local e articulação com os anseios das comunidades onde circulam que são: a busca do conhecimento, a realização amorosa, financeira, o tradicional embate entre o velho e o novo, entre o fraco e o forte, entre o bem e o mal. Veiculada numa linguagem simbólica e exercendo função essencialmente lúdica, a literatura popular sintoniza-se com o viver. Isso justifica sua cooptação pela literatura infanto-juvenil, uma vez que, ao lidar com a subjetividade, conflitos e ambigüidades, apresenta alto nível de comunicabilidade com a infância. É o que comprovamos através da história da literatura brasileira voltada para crianças e jovens, cujo viés nacionalista das primeiras publicações avança para o realismo maravilhoso de Monteiro Lobato e, na atualidade, reconhecida em âmbito mundial, mantém-se no patamar de arte como deve ser toda literatura comprometida com a formação da infância e a juventude de cada país.
Title in English
Weaving stories of remnant communities maroon here and there
Keywords in English
child literatura
formation of the reader.
oral narratives
reminiscent communities
written narratives
Abstract in English
This thesis proposed to collect and analyse oral narratives in slave reminiscent communities (also known as "quilombolas") from Caxias-Maranhão. The collection was realized in 2008, and the tales were analysed regarding their aesthetics and ethical sense, as well as the social function performed by their plot. All their cultural activities, such as "dança do baião", "festa do Divino", and the habit to tell tales were marked by the fight for land and have made strong their ethical identity, their exploited past, their belonging feeling, and their protest for public service to assure them a good life. The confrontation between the oral and written narratives were exposed by Brazilian folklorists since the second half of century XIX. This comparison shows that these themes are deeply human, and related to values, faith, dreams, wishes and a moral guided behavior, thus revealing the world of who tells them and the period of the stories. The diversity of stories (tales of magic, ordinary folk-tales, animal tales, jockes, cumulative tales, for example), myths, legends and yarns proves that the engine of the oral tradition is the innovation. They innovate through the incorporation of the local element and the articulation to the community wishes, which are search for knowledge, love, money, and the confront between old and new, weak and strong, and good and bad. The popular literature, which is transmitted through a symbolic language and plays a essentially ludic role, is syntonized to life. Therefore justifying its co-optation by the child literatura, since it deals with subjectiveness, conflicts, and ambiguities, and presents a high communication level to the children. This is proved through the history of literature in Brazil, whose nationalism in its first publications progressed to the wonderful realism of Monteiro Lobato. Nowadays, these literature is world wide accepted and treated as art. A treatment that all literature committed to the formation of children should have.
 
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Publishing Date
2010-09-01
 
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