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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.8.2007.tde-05102007-145251
Document
Author
Full name
César Mota Teixeira
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2007
Supervisor
Committee
Villaca, Alcides Celso de Oliveira (President)
Andrade, Fabio Rigatto de Souza
Guidin, Marcia Ligia Dias Roberto
Marques, Reinaldo Martiniano
Rosenbaum, Yudith
Title in Portuguese
Narração, dialogismo e carnavalização: uma leitura de 'A hora da estrela', de Clarice Lispector
Keywords in Portuguese
Carnavalização
Dialogismo
Máscaras populares
Paródia
Romance
Abstract in Portuguese
Esta tese é um estudo analítico-interpretativo do romance A Hora da Estrela, de Clarice Lispector. Com base nas teorias de Mikhail Bakhtin, explicitam-se os elementos dialógicos que estariam na base da composição do romance final de Lispector. Por dialogismo, entendem-se as várias interações crítico-paródicas que o narrador Rodrigo S.M, persona masculina criada pela autora, estabelece com outros discursos no processo metaliterário que embasa a construção da narrativa. Entre estes discursos, a análise dá especial atenção à paródia que o narrador faz de diferentes formas narrativas e dramáticas, entre as quais se destacam o romance de folhetim, o melodrama, o romance regional, o romance social e o romance psicológico. O tom dialógico-paródico dominante na obra permite detectar traços de carnavalização usados como arma de crítica e denúncia social. No âmbito desta carnavalização, destaca-se a presença de máscaras ancestrais da arcaica romanesca retomadas e atualizadas por Lispector, em especial as máscaras do tolo, do bufão e do trapaceiro, personagens arquetípicos que, oriundos do solo da cultura popular, teriam importante papel na consolidação do romance como gênero fundamentalmente voltado para a representação/encenação crítica de discursos (ainda segundo Bakhtin). Analisam-se também algumas crônicas de Lispector consideradas importantes para a compreensão da figuração do "personagem tolo" sem sua obra. Trata-se de crônicas que tematizam o longo contato da escritora com empregadas domésticas, personagens que antecipam e inspiram a criação de Macabéa. A importância do tolo é destacada, na medida em que ele se apresenta como uma "máscara" que permite interagir criticamente com os discursos instituídos, ou seja, com a ideologia dominante. O tolo que estranha e não compreende a sociedade que o cerca torna-se um importante elemento de denúncia da falsidade e do perniciosismo das relações sociais estabelecidas. A ele se junta o bufão, representado ironicamente na persona burlesca do narrador masculino Rodrigo S.M., que, em clima de carnavalização, desmascara e destrona discursos no processo autocrítico de construção da narrativa.
Title in English
Narration, dialogism and carnivalization: a reading of ' The Hour of The Star', by Clarice Lispector
Keywords in English
Carnivalization
Dialogism
Novel
Parody
Popular masks
Abstract in English
This thesis is an analysis and interpretation of Clarice Lispector's novel The Hour Of The Star. Based on Mikhail Bakhtin's theories, the work focuses attention on various forms and degrees of dialogic orientation in the discourse of the narrator Rodrigo S.M., who is a kind of fictional "male mask" created by the author in order to develop parodic stylization of a series of other discourses, specially of epic and dramatic forms, such as the melodrama, the "serialized novel" ("feuilleton-roman"), the social novel, the regional novel and the psychological novel. The dialogic and parodic tone of Lispector's novel implies the use of carnivalization as a tool of social criticism. It is also considered that the novelist has constructed the main characters, including the narrator, out of ancient and durable popular masks which, according to Bakhtin, had a great role in the constitution of the specific dialogism of novelistic discourse. These masks, which correspond to the figures or artistic images of the fool, the clown and the rogue, go back into the depths of folklore and have a vital connection with the public square and the public spectacle. In the context of the novel, these popular masks assist the author in the task of parodying the languages of others as well as different literary and non - literary discourses. Besides, the analysis focuses on some Lispector's short stories which were regarded important for the understanding of the image of the fool character, mainly those ones well known to be based on her real life. The theme of such stories is Lispector's daily contact with housemaids, an inspiration for the creation of Macabéa, the "fool" protagonist of The Hour Of The Star. The importance of the fool is emphasized in this study due to the fact that his stupidity and incomprehension of the conventions of society and its canonized discourses (religious, political, judicial, scholarly) turn to be a dialogic category whose function is to rip off ideological falsehood. In addition to the fool, there is the clown, a role played by Rodrigo S. M., the male narrator who, as a mask, has the right to speak in otherwise languages and maliciously distort and turn them upsidedown
 
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Publishing Date
2007-10-19
 
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