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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.8.2007.tde-05122007-155442
Document
Author
Full name
Lilian Cristina Gulmini
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2007
Supervisor
Committee
Ferreira, Mario (President)
Blikstein, Izidoro
Martins, Roberto de Andrade
Prado, João Batista Toledo
Vargas, Maria Valiria Aderson de Mello
Title in Portuguese
Do dois ao sem-segundo: Sankara e o Advaita-Vedanta
Keywords in Portuguese
Advaita-ved Tnta
Çaìkara
Cultura sânscrita
Semiótica
Teoria do discurso
Abstract in Portuguese
A tese tem por objetivo efetivar a análise e demonstração das estratégias discursivas através das quais Çaìkara, o célebre pensador do Hinduísmo medieval (circa 788-820 d.C.), formulou a doutrina monista do Advaita-ved Tnta, construindo para isso um discurso dialógico com relação às principais doutrinas dualistas e ritualísticas adversárias de seu tempo, dentre elas, respectivamente, o S TRkhya-Yoga-darçana e o Mémäàsä-darçana. A análise dos textos sânscritos de Çaìkara dedicados a interpretar as escrituras védicas segue os pressupostos da teoria do discurso, da semiótica de nivel fundamental e dos estudos de intertextualidade, e radica em dois eixos: (1) - o estudo da construção de um discurso monista, apesar das exigências irredutíveis das categorias binárias às quais se curvam a linguagem e o raciocínio humanos; e (2) - o exame dos mecanismos diversos de persuasão e argumentação constantes nos escritos do pensador, os quais constroem uma interpretação específica dos textos védicos ao mesmo tempo em que refutam pontos de vista outrora válidos na tradição sânscrita. A primeira parte da tese, intitulada "A revelação do Um", apresenta uma síntese da herança cultural que é pressuposta na leitura dos textos do pensador e uma análise semiótica da articulação, no nível fundamental, do conceito de Absoluto ou "um-sem-segundo", Brahman, conforme descrito nas Upaniñad e interpretado por Çaìkara. A segunda parte, intitulada "Os percursos do dois", investiga as estratégias discursivas e intertextuais por meio das quais o pensador consegue ressignificar e assimilar em sua doutrina monista o universo relativo e as categorias binárias e ternárias afirmadas em outras doutrinas de sua herança cultural. A tese visa a contribuir para a demonstração de que as teorias do discurso constituem instrumentos que auxiliam a elucidar os mecanismos com os quais a linguagem verbal consegue criar e expressar conceitos abstratos não apreensíveis no mundo dos fenômenos. O trabalho representa também um esforço para suprir uma lacuna da bibliografia brasileira, apresentando sob enfoque inédito fontes textuais relativos a uma vertente nuclear da cultura sânscrita.
Title in English
Analysis of discursive strategies of Çaikara, philosopher of medieval Hinduism (ca. 788-820 a.C.): Sankara e o Advaita-vedänta
Keywords in English
Advaita-ved Tnta
Çaìkara
Sanskrit culture
Semiotics
Theory of discourse
Abstract in English
The main purpose of this thesis is to analyse and demonstrate those discursive strategies through which Çaìkara, the famous philosopher of medieval Hinduism (circa 788-820 a.C.), has formulated the monistic doctrine of Advaita-vedänta, to which purpose he has elaborated a dialogical discourse in relation to some of the main dualistic and ritualistic opposing doctrines of his time: the Säàkhya-Yoga-darçana and the Mémäàsä-darçana, respectively. Our analysis of the sanskrit texts in which Çaìkara interprets the vedic scriptures is based on the theories of discourse, on the principles of the French school of Semiotics and also on studies of intertextuality. This inedit analysis intends to: (1) - analyse the inter-relation of concepts in the fundamental level of significance that can build a monistic discourse, in spite of those irreductible binary categories that govern human language and reasoning; (2) - examine those mechanisms of persuasion and argumentation which are constant in Çaìkara's writings and which help to build specific interpretations of the vedic scriptures, refuting at the same time the points of view of other doctrines. The first part of the thesis, entitled "The revelation of One", gives a synthesis of the cultural heritage which is pressuposed in the reading of Çaìkara's writings, and afterwards makes a semiotic analysis, on the fundamental level, of the concept of Absolute or "one-without-a-second", Brahman, according to the way it's given by the Upaniñad texts and interpreted by Çaìkara. In the second part of the thesis, entitled "Paths of the Two", are analysed some of those discoursive and intertextual mechanisms through which the thinker can re-signify and assimilate into his monistic doctrine the relative universe and those binary and ternary categories according to what was postulated by other doctrines of his cultural heritage. The thesis contributes to demonstrate that the theories of discourse are valid instruments in the process of analysis of those mechanisms through which verbal language can create and express abstract concepts which, at first, are not aprehensible in the world of phenomenae. The work has also the purpose of adding to brazilian bibliography, under an inedit approach, texts belonging to an important aspect of sanskrit culture.
 
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Publishing Date
2007-12-06
 
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