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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.8.2016.tde-09122016-142626
Document
Author
Full name
Bruno Santos Sobrinho
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2016
Supervisor
Committee
Berbel, Marcia Regina (President)
Oliveira, Cecilia Helena Lorenzini de Salles
Schiavinatto, Iara Lis Franco
Title in Portuguese
Periódicos servis e a crise do Império Hispânico (1811-1815)
Keywords in Portuguese
Contrarrevolução
Espanha
Independências da América
Opinião pública
Servil
Tradicionalismo
Abstract in Portuguese
Entre 1808 e 1814, a monarquia hispânica foi acometida por uma grande crise. O território peninsular espanhol foi ocupado por tropas francesas e, com isso, o legítimo monarca espanhol, Fernando VII, foi sequestrado por ordem de Napoleão Bonaparte e o trono hispânico passou para as mãos do irmão do imperador francês, José Bonaparte. Como consequência desses fatos, a crise do Antigo Regime espanhol foi acelerada por uma série de eventos intimamente ligada à ocupação francesa. A resistência espanhola, após as vicissitudes dos embates contra os franceses, organizou-se na cidade de Cádis, onde as mais diversas forças políticas se uniram para combater o inimigo francês e reorganizar os vínculos com os territórios do ultramar. Nesse sentido, durante os anos iniciais do século XIX espanhol, ao mesmo tempo em que se configurava uma nova Espanha, com características modernas através, entre outros motivos, do debate constitucional existente nas Cortes de Cádis (1810- 1814) , o império hispânico era acometido pelos primeiros levantes autonomistas americanos. No ano de 1810, foram convocadas Cortes, que deveriam contar com a presença de representantes escolhidos pelos americanos. Naquele mesmo ano, os deputados eleitos, tanto na península como no ultramar, para as Cortes reunidas em Cádis iniciaram o processo de debate constitucional que, em 1812, culminou no texto da Constituição de Cádis. Essa pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar como os grupos tradicionalistas, identificados como servis, viram o processo de crise do império hispânico por meio da publicação de dois periódicos editados ao longo dos anos de 1811 a 1815, buscando compreender como a crise do império hispânico foi apresentada nesses jornais. A categoria servil surgiu, nos debates públicos realizados na imprensa, para qualificar os opositores dos liberais espanhóis. Servis e liberais defenderam, na maior parte das vezes, posições distintas tanto nas Cortes quanto na imprensa. O grupo antiliberal estava ligado ao tradicionalismo espanhol e era contrário às transformações sugeridas pelos liberais. Diante disso, serão analisados dois periódicos classificados como servis: El Censor General e El Procurador General de la Nación y del Rey, buscando sistematizar as nuances existentes entre os servis a partir da problemática americana.
Title in English
Servils pappers and the crisis of the Hispanic Empire (1811 - 1815)
Keywords in English
Counterrevolution
Independence of America
Public Opinion
Servil
Spain
Traditionalism
Abstract in English
Between 1808 and 1814, the Spanish Monarchy faced a great crisis. The peninsular territory was occupied by French troops, thereby Napoleon Bonaparte kidnapped the legitimate Spanish monarch, Ferdinand VII, and placed his brother, Joseph Bonaparte on the Spanish throne. Consequently, the crisis of the Ancient Regime in Spain was hastened by a sequence of events closely related to the French occupation. The Spanish resistance, following the circumstances of the conflict against the french, gathered in the city of Cádiz, where a diversity of political forces were united to fight the french enemy and reorganize the bonds with the ultramarine dominion. Therefore, during the first years of the 19th century, while a new Spain was taking shape, developing modern characteristics through, among other means, the constitutional debate in the Cádiz Cortes (1810-1814) , the Spanish empire was shaken by the first American autonomist revolts. In 1810, the Cortes were summoned up, and they should consider the presence of representatives chosen by American provinces. In this same year, the elected deputies both in American and in the Peninsula, began the constitutional debate in the Cádiz Cortes that in the next year, would result it the Cádiz Constitution. The present research objective is to analyze the manner in which traditionalist groups, identified as servils, beheld the crisis process of the Spanish empire through the edition of two papers published between 1811 and 1815. Our aim is to understand how the Spanish Empire crisis was presented in both these journals. The denomination servil appeared, in the public debates of the press, to label the opponents of the Spanish liberals. Servile and liberals usually advocated opposite positions not only in the Constitutional Assembly but also in the press. The anti-liberal group was associated to the Spanish traditionalism and opposed the changes suggested by the liberals. Bearing this in mind, two periodicals, classified as servils, will be analyzed: El Censor General and El Procurador General de la Nación y de Rey, trying to trace the different nuances among the servils regarding the American question.
 
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Publishing Date
2016-12-09
 
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