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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.8.2016.tde-09092016-123310
Document
Author
Full name
Jaqueline Lourenço
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2016
Supervisor
Committee
Pimenta, João Paulo Garrido (President)
Marquese, Rafael de Bivar
Puntoni, Pedro Luis
Silva, Ana Rosa Cloclet da
Sposito, Fernanda
Title in Portuguese
Elementos indígenas na construção da identidade nacional brasileira (1750-1850)
Keywords in Portuguese
Estado Nacional
Identidade nacional
Independência
Indígenas
Abstract in Portuguese
Esta tese analisa diferentes imagens e concepções elaboradas por protagonistas da cena política, pintores, literatos, viajantes e cronistas acerca dos povos indígenas da América portuguesa e do Brasil entre 1750, - ano em que D. José I assumiu o trono português e começou a introduzir as reformas pombalinas - e 1850, um dos marcos de consolidação do Estado nacional brasileiro. A periodização supracitada toma os dois marcos, inicial e final, como balizas cronológicas preliminares e estratégicas, e por isso, aproximativas e flexíveis. Resulta de um recolhimento exaustivo dessas visões em documentação de tipo variado: memórias, cartas, imprensa periódica (1808-1850), debates parlamentares (1826-1850), relatos de viajantes, textos literários e fontes iconográficas dos séculos XVIII e XIX, analisando-as de modo a entender como os indígenas eram vistos na cena pública pelos protagonistas de diferentes momentos políticos na América Portuguesa e posteriormente Brasil. Em última instância, objetivou-se compreender como, em meio à multiplicidade de imagens do indígena plasmadas por séculos, surgiram imagens positivas em momentos historicamente cruciais, a exemplo do processo de gestação de múltiplas identidades da América Portuguesa, das quais surgiu, no século XIX, uma brasileira capaz de satisfazer a um projeto incipiente de identidade nacional amparado em partes na figura do indígena. Tal projeto seria forjado no curso das lutas políticas independentistas e reiterado posteriormente, durante os primeiros anos do Segundo Reinado (1840-1889). Esta tese de doutorado é decorrente da dissertação de mestrado desenvolvida no Programa de Pós-Graduação em História Social da Universidade de São Paulo intitulada Um espelho brasileiro: visões sobre os povos indígenas na construção de uma simbologia nacional no Brasil (1808-1831), orientada pelo Prof. Dr. João Paulo Garrido Pimenta e financiada pelo CNPq. A dissertação acercou-se da identificação de um esboço de identidade nacional construída a partir de elementos simbólicos indígenas durante o processo de independência do Brasil. Esta primeira pesquisa deu margem ao aprofundamento de questões nela apenas sinalizadas, sendo fundamental o alargamento do período e das fontes estudados de modo, inclusive, a alargar o escopo analítico para além do tema da identidade nacional.
Title in English
Indigenous elements during the construction of Brazilian National Identity (1750-1850)
Keywords in English
Independence
Indigenous
National identity
National State
Abstract in English
This thesis analyzes different images and concepts developed by the protagonists of the political scene, painters, writers, travelers and writers about the indigenous people from Portuguese America and Brazil between 1750, year that D. Joseph I took the Portuguese throne and began to introduce the Pombaline reforms - and 1850, one of the landmarks of consolidation of the Brazilian national state. The period of time in between those years, has made these two facts as preliminary and strategic chronological boundaries, and therefore, turn them approximate and flexible. It results of an exhaustive self-communion of these views on varied types of documents: memoirs, letters, periodical press (1808-1850), parliamentary debates (1826-1850), travelers' accounts, literary texts and iconographic sources from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, analyzing them in order to understand how the indigenous people were seen on the public scene by the protagonists of the different political moments in Portuguese America and later on in Brazil. Ultimately, the objective was to understand how, through the multiplicity of images of indigenous molded along the centuries, there were positive images in moments historically crucial, like the gestation process of multiple identities of Portuguese America, which emerged in the nineteenth century, a Brazilian able to satisfy an incipient project of national identity supported in part by the figure of the indigenous. Such a project would be forged in the course of the political struggles for independence and reiterated later on, during the early years of the Second Empire (1840-1889). This doctorate degree thesis is a result of the dissertation developed at the postgraduate Program in Social History at the University of São Paulo entitled A brazilian mirror: visions of indigenous peoples and the construction of a national symbology in Brazil (1808-1831), oriented by Prof. Dr. João Paulo Garrido Pimenta and funded by CNPq. The approach of that dissertation was to identify a national identity sketch constructed from indigenous symbolic elements during the process of independence of Brazil. This first research has allowed a deeper discussion of elements that were just mentioned, and it is essential to extend the period and the sources that have been studied previouly, as well as to extend the analytical scope beyond the matter of national identity.
 
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Publishing Date
2016-09-09
 
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