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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.8.2014.tde-07112014-190735
Document
Author
Full name
Francisco Fabiano de Freitas Mendes
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2014
Supervisor
Committee
Iumatti, Paulo Teixeira (President)
Hardman, Francisco Foot
Pinto Filho, Julio Cesar Pimentel
Silva, Marcos Antonio da
Starling, Heloisa Maria Murgel
Title in Portuguese
Um país sem graça: Graciliano Ramos e a interpretação de um Brasil moderno (1915-1953)
Keywords in Portuguese
Brasil republicano
Graciliano Ramos
Interpretação do Brasil
Literatura brasileira
Modernidade
Abstract in Portuguese
Este trabalho tem como objeto de estudo o conjunto literário do escritor alagoano Graciliano Ramos (1892-1953), e busca mesmo mostrar como essa rica obra literária pode e deve ser vista como importante contribuição para o entendimento do Brasil das primeiras décadas do século XX. Graciliano Ramos e o Brasil republicano nasceram praticamente no mesmo ano, e as obras (ficcionais ou confessionais) daquele sempre estiveram atreladas aos rumos pelos quais o último tomou. As crônicas, os contos, os artigos, os romances, os livros infantis e as cartas do romancista revelam um conjunto de textos que, além da reconhecida qualidade literária, é detentor de um forte poder de observação e crítica da realidade. Graciliano Ramos escreveu sobre as gentes do sertão, das cidades do interior, da capital litorânea do seu Estado, da capital Federal. Mergulhou nas situações de privação, isolamento, injustiça, violência, rebeldia, resignação e esperteza. Descreveu o descampado, a fazenda, o subúrbio, as repartições públicas, as redações dos jornais, as rodas literárias. Faces de um país diverso, que parece permitir ser dito apenas pelo que as partes indicam. No entanto, na obra de Graciliano Ramos, esses temas orbitam ao redor de três grandes questões que atravessam todos os textos e que orientaram este estudo: campo e cidade, autoritarismo e democracia, poder e cultura letrada. A variedade de textos encontrou coesão a partir do estudo do autor em sua trajetória sócio-política. E o entendimento dessa trajetória só foi possível a partir do estudo minucioso dos textos do autor. Assim, História da Cultura e Estudos Literários tiveram de ser manejados conjuntamente pela exigência mesma da demanda, pois autor e obra sempre apareciam colados. Por fim, o país sem graça e o Brasil moderno que aparecem no título desta tese indicam o grau da contradição que Graciliano Ramos viu entre nossas bases formativas e as promessas feitas em nome da modernidade durante os quarente anos em que descreveu realisticamente o país
Title in English
A country without grace: Graciliano Ramos and interpretation of a modern Brazil (1915-1953)
Keywords in English
Brazilian literature
Graciliano Ramos
Interpretation of Brazil
Modernity
Republican Brazil
Abstract in English
This research aims to study the literary work of the writer Graciliano Ramos (1892-1953), from the state of Alagoas, and seeks to show how this rich literary work can and should be seen as an important contribution to the understanding of Brazil in the first decades of the twentieth century. Graciliano Ramos and Republican Brazil were practically born in the same year, and the writers literary works (fictional or religious) have always been tied to the direction in which the country went. The chronicles, tales, articles, novels, children's books and letters written by the novelist, reveal a set of texts that, besides the recognized literary quality, holds a strong power of observation and critique of reality. Graciliano Ramos wrote about the people of the hinterland, the countryside towns, the seaside capital of his State and of the Federal capital. He plunged into situations of deprivation, isolation, injustice, violence, rebellion, resignation and cleverness. He described the clearing, the farms, the suburbs, public offices, newsrooms of newspapers, literary circles. The faces from a country that seems to allow only being referred to by its parts. However, in the work of Graciliano Ramos, these themes revolve around three major issues that cross all texts and guide this study: town and countryside, authoritarianism and democracy, power and literacy. This variety of texts found cohesion from the author's study in his socio-political trajectory. And understanding of this trajectory was only possible from the close study of texts by the author. Thus, History of Culture and Literary Studies had to be managed together by the requirement of same demand as author and work always appeared attached. Finally, the 'country with no grace' and 'modern Brazil' that appear in the title of this thesis, indicate the degree of contradiction that Graciliano Ramos saw between our formative bases and the promises made in the name of modernity over the fourty years in which he realistically described the country
 
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Publishing Date
2014-11-07
 
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