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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.8.2014.tde-02062015-171603
Document
Author
Full name
Lucas Monteiro de Oliveira
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2015
Supervisor
Committee
Eugênio, Marcos Francisco Napolitano de (President)
Codato, Adriano Nervo
Teles, Janaina de Almeida
Title in Portuguese
As dinâmicas da luta pela anistia na transição política
Keywords in Portuguese
Anistia
Ditadura
Movimentos sociais
Partidos políticos
Transição
Abstract in Portuguese
O objeto central desta dissertação foram as relações estabelecidas, entre 1975 e 1979, entre os movimentos pela anistia e o Estado. Trabalhou-se especificamente com a relação da aprovação da lei 6.683/79 e a dinâmica da transição brasileira, buscando compreender como as ações dos movimentos influenciaram a agenda de abertura elaborada pela ditadura. A partir da hipótese inicial, de que os defensores da anistia produziram diferentes significados para a luta, analisei: o Movimento Feminino Pela Anistia, o Comitê Brasileiro pela Anistia, as mobilizações dos exilados, o pronunciamento do General Figueiredo e a atuação de parlamentares do Movimento Democrático Brasileiro e da Aliança Renovadora Nacional. Nas disputas empreendidas por esses agentes ficou evidente uma tensão entre o sentido de anistia como esquecimento e da anistia como rememoração. O sentido de esquecimento, conciliação e pacificação, foi elaborado por parte da oposição e incorporado à agenda oficial da transição. A aprovação da anistia foi uma resposta ao amplo ciclo de mobilizações populares empreendidas no final dos anos 1970. A estratégia foi dividir a oposição e trazer a disputa para o campo institucional. Para isso, foi aprovada a lei partidária, que canalizou os esforços militantes para essa atuação. Ficou relegada ao segundo plano a investigação das violações de direitos humanos e a responsabilização dos agentes da ditadura. Tais lacunas foram fundamentais para a construção do Estado Democrático Brasileiro.
Title in English
The dynamics of the fight for amnesty during the political transition
Keywords in English
Amnesty
Dictatorship
Political parties
Social movements
Transition
Abstract in English
The main subject of this thesis is the connections, established from 1975 to 1979, between the State and the movements for amnesty. Particularly, I have worked with the connection between the approval of law 6683/79 and the dynamics of transition in Brazil, aiming to comprehend how the actions of these movements have influenced the democratization agenda implemented by the dictatorship. From the initial hypothesis that the fight for amnesty took on various meanings inside each advocate group, I have analyzed: The Womens Movement for Amnesty, the Brazilian Committee for Amnesty, the various mobilizations carried out by the exiles, General Figueiredos speech, and the work of congressmen from the Brazilian Democratic Movement and the National Renewal Alliance Party. During the disputes undertaken by these agents, a tension between the meaning of amnesty as forgetting or amnesty as remembering became clear. The interpretation of amnesty as forgetting, reconciliation and appeasement was developed by part of the opposition and incorporated to the transitions official agenda. The approval of amnesty was a response to the extensive series of popular mobilizations that took place in the late 1970s. The strategy was to divide the opposition and move the dispute into the institutional field. To that end, the political party law was approved, channeling militant efforts towards that area. Investigating human rights violations and imputing responsibility to the agents of dictatorship was relegated to the background. These omissions were essential to the construction of the Brazilian Democratic State.
 
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Publishing Date
2015-06-02
 
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