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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.8.2014.tde-17042015-162037
Document
Author
Full name
Danilo Barolo Martins de Lima
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2014
Supervisor
Committee
Deaecto, Marisa Midore (President)
Barros, Gustavo de
Secco, Lincoln Ferreira
Title in Portuguese
O debate sobre o tratado de comércio Brasil-Estados Unidos (1935): classes, Estado e projetos para o Brasil
Keywords in Portuguese
Governo Vargas
Grupos de interesse
Hegemonia
Ideias econômicas
Política externa
Abstract in Portuguese
A presente dissertação objetiva analisar o debate acerca da ratificação do Tratado de Comércio entre Brasil e EUA, em 1935. Observamos, na historiografia acerca do episódio, que os grupos em disputa foram designados como os representantes da indústria (contrários ao tratado) versus os da agroexportação, (favoráveis ao tratado). Contudo, foi possível verificar, a partir da análise da documentação, que quase nenhuma das manifestações em defesa do tratado foi encaminhada por representantes diretos das frações de classe ligadas às atividades agroexportadoras, sejam os deputados classistas representantes da Lavoura, ou as associações de classe ligadas a ela. Assim, buscamos averiguar a conformação concreta de tais grupos. Propusemos, então, a hipótese de que os defensores do tratado fariam parte de uma elite formada e educada em um período de hegemonia do pensamento liberal, segundo o qual o caráter da economia brasileira seria essencialmente agrário e a indústria ocuparia papel secundário. Concluímos que a defesa do tratado foi feita por membros da burocracia estatal e da elite política, em nome de uma ideologia particular, afinada em vários aspectos com os interesses das elites agrárias, mas não diretamente motivada pela defesa destes, tendo ainda como elemento central considerações de cunho geopolítico e estratégico. Uma lógica própria, ligada aos interesses da própria burocracia estatal, teria sido a matriz ideológica que norteou sua ação política. Finalmente, interpretamos a atuação das lideranças industriais na defesa do Tratado, como um momento importante no processo de constituição dessa fração de classe e como ator político autoconsciente na construção de um consenso em torno de um projeto nacional fundamentado na industrialização, como via de desenvolvimento nacional.
Title in English
The debate about the commercial treaty between Brazil and the United States (1935): class, State and projects for Brazil
Keywords in English
Economic ideas
Foreign policy
Hegemony
Interest groups
Vargas Government
Abstract in English
This dissertation aims to analyze the debate over the parliamentary ratification of the Treaty of Trade between Brazil and USA, in 1935. We have observed in the historiography that addresses the episode, that the disputing groups were designated as the "industry representatives" (contrary to the treaty) versus the "agro-export" supporters (favorable to the treaty). However, we have been able to find, by way of the analysis of the documents concerning such debate, that almost none of the statements in defense of the Treaty was given by direct representatives of the class fractions linked to agro-export activities, such as the class members of the National Congress, representing agricultural interests, or associations connected to it. Thus, we sought to determine the specific conformation of such groups. Therefore we proposed the hypothesis that the proponents of the Treaty would be part of an elite, trained and educated in a period of hegemony of liberal thinking, whereby the character of the Brazilian economy and the industry would be represented as essentially agrarian and industry occupied a secondary role. We concluded that the defense Treaty was made mainly by members of the state bureaucracy and the political elite, on behalf of a particular ideology tuned in several respects with the interests of the agrarian elites, but not directly motivated by their promotion, having also as a central element geopolitical considerations of strategic nature. Its own logic, linked to the interests of the state bureaucracy itself, would have been the ideological matrix that guided their political action. Finally, we interpret the role of industrial leaders in upholding the Treaty as an important moment in the constitution of this class fraction as a self-conscious political actor in building a consensus around a national project, based on industrialization as a means for national development.
 
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Publishing Date
2015-04-17
 
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